1. By: Sarah Turocy Christina Hopkins & Emily Norrod

2. Definition: “A smartphone is a device that lets you make telephone calls, but also adds features that you might find on a personal digital assistant or a computer. A smartphone also offers the ability to send and receive e-mail and edit Office documents, for example.” (Cassavoy 2013)“A smartphone Definition: “PDA (personal digital assistant) is a term for any small mobile hand- held device that provides computing and information storage and retrieval capabilities for personal or business use, often for keeping schedule calendars and address book information handy. ” (Rouse 2007)

3. iPhone presentation - http://youtu.be/s_f- KK140vMhttp://youtu.be/s_f- KK140vM Samsung Galaxy commercial- http://youtu.be/Bjk-BbsV2Jo http://youtu.be/Bjk-BbsV2Jo

4.  Definitions  “DSS provides varying analysis without much programming effort and is usually directed towards non-technical users/managers. Managers main uses for a DSS includes searching, retrieving and analyzing decision relevant data to allow them to summarize main points which assist them in making more informed and educated decisions” (Louw, 2002).

5.  Additional ideas and definitions “The decision support system is data-driven, as the entire process feeds off of the collection and availability of data to analyze” ("Decision support system", 2013). A tool that supports decision making and overall efficiency Organizes information Provides analysis and advice to support a choice made by a practitioner

6.  Advantages Eliminates the redundant need to have data re-entered It allows for superb organization of client information and data for the medical field It’s able to store clinical data over an extended period of time  Disadvantages The inter-exchange between computer systems and organizations is not yet at the level necessary to have all information exchanged

7.  To date, there is minimal direct experience with such cases in the American legal system. Medical decision support systems are more likely to be viewed as tools used by physicians in providing a service to patients than as products owned by patients (Miller, 1989).

8.  “Many Doctors are behind the times in practicing medicine. They’re applying old guidelines to care.” Dr. Joseph Kim M.D.  The FDA and CDC currently offer updates on new medicines and treatments as well as recalled medicines through apps available on the internet.  Drug references such as Skyscape and Epocrates are available for free in the App Store and have upgrades available at a small cost.  “A Study at Brigham & Women’s Hospital in Boston found that 60% of Epocrates users (125,000 physicians in 2010) reported avoiding three or more medical errors in a month.”

9. In some hospitals apps are being used directly in patient care to help doctors receive lab results with instant notifications, (ARUP Consult and Care 360) fetal heart monitoring can be done remotely (Air Strip OB), ECG tracings can be sent directly to a phone now (Instant ECG), even live videos from triage in the ER (Vigilance) can be sent via apps available in the App Store (Sarason-Kahn 2010). Apps can also be used for Continuing Education Credits as apps like Lippincott and Davis’s Guide offer up to date tutorials on accepted practice guidelines and even have quizzes and tests. “Part of the challenge facing medical students, and all doctors, is the overwhelming amount of information. Devices like the iPad may be able to help users access that pool of knowledge.” Dr. Charles Prober Dean of Medical Education Stanford

10.  Decision support system. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.microstrategy.com/decision-support- system/ http://www.microstrategy.com/decision-support- system/  Louw, R. E. (2002). Topic: Decision support systems. Unpublished manuscript, University of Missouri, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Retrieved from http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/488_f02_pa pers/dss.html http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/488_f02_pa pers/dss.html  Hebda, T., & Czar, P. (2013). Handbook of informatics for nurses and healthcare professionals. (5 ed., p. 130,269). Boston: Pearson.  Adam, F., & Burstein, F. (2013). Call for papers. Journal of Decision Systems, 22(1), 1. Retrieved from http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/cfp/tjdscfp.pdf http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/cfp/tjdscfp.pdf

11.  Fox, J., & Thomas, R. (2002). Clinical decision support systems: A discussion of quality, safety and legal liability issues. AMIA, (9), 265-269. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12463 828 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12463 828  Miller, R. A. (1989). Legal issues related to medical decision support systems. International Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 6(2), 75-80. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2677 191 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2677 191

12.  Cassavoy, L. (n.d.). Retrieved from website: http://cellphones.about.com/od/glossary/g /smart_defined.htm http://cellphones.about.com/od/glossary/g /smart_defined.htm  Rouse, M. (2007,June). Retrieved from http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.c om/definition/personal-digital-assistant http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.c om/definition/personal-digital-assistant  Alexander, A. (2012, January 24). Retrieved from http://ansonalex.com/infographics/smartph one-usage-statistics-2012-infographic/ http://ansonalex.com/infographics/smartph one-usage-statistics-2012-infographic/

13.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_f-KK140vM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_f-KK140vM  http://youtu.be/Bjk-BbsV2Jo http://youtu.be/Bjk-BbsV2Jo  For stories:  Garrity, C. & Eman, K. (2006). Who’s Using PDAs? Estimates of PDA usage by Health Care Providers: A Systematic Review of Surveys. Journal of Medical Internet Research. Apr-Jun. 8(2) 7ed. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1550702/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1550702/  Sarasohn-Kahn, J. (2010). How Smartphones are Changing Healthcare for Consumers and Providers. California Health Care Foundation. Retrieved from: http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/ H/PDF%20HowSmartphonesChangingHealthCare.pdf http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/ H/PDF%20HowSmartphonesChangingHealthCare.pdf  Epocrates (2005). Brigham and Women’s Hospital Study Shows Doctors are Taking Action to Improve Patient Safety and Care. Dec.9, 2005. Retrieved from: www.epocrates.com/company/news/10233.html www.epocrates.com/company/news/10233.html  White, T. (2010). “Will iPad transform med school?” Inside Stanford Medicine, med.stanford.edu (13 September 2010).