1. An Ecosystem Services Assessment using bioextraction technologies for removal of nitrogen and other substances in Long Island Sound and the Great Bay/Piscataqua Region REServ Professor of Environmental Engineering, FCT-UNL Chief Scientific Officer, Longline Environment Ltd. http://longline.co.uk/ 6 th September 2012 Longline Environment Ltd. Joao G. Ferreira, Changbo Zhu, Camille Saurel

2. Ongoing activities for REServ 1.Long Island Sound system-scale ecological model – box definitions 2.Shellfish modelling – use of NOAA Milford experimental results for development of a Crassostrea virginica growth model 3.Software updates for WinShell, FARM, and EcoWin2000 (64 bit versions) 4.General website development/maintenance

4. ASSETS category: Medium P90 = 9.6 ASSETS category: Medium P90 = 9.6 Data source: LIS NCA nutrient data.zip CHLA concentration of different layers of LIS in 2006 Chl a (ug/l)

5. DO of different layers of LIS in 2006 ASSETS category: Biologically stressful P10 = 4.1 ASSETS category: Biologically stressful P10 = 4.1 Data source: LIS NCA CTD data.zip

6. Data source: LIS NCA CTD data.zip Salinity of different layers of LIS in 2006 Salinity: 0 - 0.5 0.5 – 25 > 25

7. Data source: LIS NCA CTD data.zip

8. CLASSACRES CT_Restricted-Relay/Depuration6.6 CT_Restricted-Relay136219.1 CT_Prohibited23336.9 CT_Conditionally Restricted-Relay266.6 CT_Conditionally Restricted-Relay/Depuration2292.2 CT_Conditionally Approved93763.5 CT_Approved134038.5 CT SUM389923.5 STATUSACRES NY_Seasonal11349.7 NY_Holiday833.8 NY_Closed83256.1 NY SUM95439.6 TOTAL (CT + NY ) = 485363.1

9. Individual Growth Model for American oyster AquaShell Will be developed to: a)simulate change in individual weight, expressed as tissue dry weight and scaled to total fresh weight and shell length; b)integrate the relevant physical and biogeochemical components, such as chlorophyll, temperature, and salinity, and partition phytoplankton and detrital food resources; c)provide environmental feedbacks for production of particulate organic waste (feces and pseudofeces) excretion of dissolved nitrogen, and consumption of DO

10. Individual Manila clam growth simulation AquaShell model The AquaShell Manila clam model does a good job of simulating growth – see Aquaculture, 318, 444-457 Shell length (mm) Julian Day No growth in winter Simulation of clam shell length with Samish Island environmental drivers.

11. Individual Manila clam growth simulation AquaShell model The meat weight oscillates due to loss of condition. In the last period of culture the clam shell is bigger, but the model does not show higher meat yields Dry meat weight (g DW) Julian Day 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 020040060080010001200140016001800 Loss of condition in winter Simulation of clam dry meat weight with Samish Island environmental drivers.

12. Setup for the FARM model in Samish Island FARM Aquaculture Resource Management We need similar descriptive data in order to set up FARM for Long Island Sound and Great Bay. TypeDescriptorsNotes Farm location data Latitude: 48.5 o N Length: 300 m; Width: 75 m; bottom culture under nets, intertidal Latitude used for seaweed fouling model (light climate); 6 farmed acres Culture practice Seeding day 200; cycle: 1180 days; Mortality: 50%; seed weight: 0.2 g; Minimum harvest weight: 15 g TFW Animals grown in 3 separate year class strips. FARM currently simulates the whole system EnvironmentSemi-diurnal tidal cycle, current speeds generated by peak spring and peak neap speeds Can be improved by simulating the tidal harmonics Salinity, temperature, chlorophyll, detritus, total particulate matter Project data, Puget Sound database from WA Dept. Ecology, U.S. Navy EconomicsSeed cost: $8 per 1,000; Sale value to farm at harvest: $2.33 per lb Seed from BC commercial suppliers, sale price: British Columbia govt.

13. Software development Individual growth model for American oyster will be developed first in PowerSim, and then ported to WinShell (C++) after full testing. It will then be incorporated in EcoWin2000 and FARM, within a population dynamics model.

14. Some issues and questions 1.NY part of LIS – data appear to be less reliable than for CT 2.To what extent is expansion of shellfish culture possible, given bottom culture limitation? 3.How do closed/conditional areas restrict the role of shellfish culture re: both production and nutrient bioextraction?