1. Types of Phrases There are numerous types of phrases.
Type is determined by how the group of words is used in the sentence.
There are three major types of phrases:
Prepositional Phrase
Verbal Phrase
Appositive Phrase

2. Verbal Phrase
Verbal - a verb used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
There are three types of verbal
Participle
Gerund
Infinitive

3. Verbal
Participal - a verb form that can be used as an adjective (present participle ends in -ing; past participle ends in -ed or -d; present perfect starts with having)
Gerund - a verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun
Infinitive - a verb form that can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb (most infinitives begin with to)

4. Verbal Examples
Participle - freezing rain; an engraved trophy; having completed his chores
Gerund - photographing animals requires patience.
Infinitive - To leave now would be rude.

5. Participial Phrase
Participial Phrase - consists of a participle and its modifiers and complements. The entire phrase is used as an adjective.
Grinning broadly, she accepted the award.
modifies “she”
Puzzled by their behavior, I asked for an explanation.

6. Absolute Phrase
Absolute Phrase - consists of (1) a participial phrase, (2) a noun or pronoun that the participial phrase modifies, and (3) any other modifiers of that noun or pronoun. The entire word group is used as an adverb to modify a clause in a sentence. It has no grammatical connection to any word in the independent clause.

7. Absolute Phrase
Their car having been repaired, the Smiths continued their road trip.
Chris said that, the weather being so fine, he would prefer to go for a hike.
Wearily, the explorer trudged onward through the snow, his loyal Alaskan malamute keeping pace at his side.

8. Gerund Phrase
Gerund Phrase - consists of a gerund and its modifiers and compliments. The entire phrase is used as a noun.
Managing the restaurant efficiently required dedication.
My cousin enjoys working as a lifeguard.

9. Infinitive Phrase
Infinitive Phrase - consists of an infinitive and its modifiers and complements. The entire phrase can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
To get a medical degree is her goal.
They promised to return soon.
We have time to walk to the concert.