1. Find it / Fix it Comma Errors

2. Missing Comma After Introductory Element Place a comma after the following introductory elements in your work.

3. WordsWords Place a comma after introductory words of direct address, words of permission, and interjections. James, can you hand me that paper? No, I can’t find it. Great, I will see you at the movie the

4. PhrasesPhrases Place a comma after introductory prepositional, participial, and infinitive phrases. To play your best, you need to practice. Running slowly, I finally made it to the finish line. What in the world are these phrases?????? What in the world are these phrases??????

5. ClausesClauses Introductory adverbial clauses should be followed by a comma. When the conductor boards the train, it will start moving. What in the world is an adverbial clause?????What in the world is an adverbial clause?????? What in the world is an adverbial clause?????

6. Commas and Nonessential Elements Use commas to set off nonessential (not important) elements of sentences.

7. AppositiveAppositive If an appositive is not essential to the meaning of a sentence, it should be set off by commas. Julie’s dog, a golden retriever, chases after the tennis ball.

8. Participial Phrase A participial phrase not essential to the meaning of a sentence is set off by commas. The dog, running through the park, brought the ball back to Julie.

9. Adjectival Clause Use commas to set off an adjectival clause if it is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. The dog, whose name is Comet, prefers to fetch tennis balls.

10. Missing Comma in a Compound Sentence Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction to separate two or more main clauses in a compound sentence.

11. Main Clauses Place a comma before a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, yet, so, for) in a compound sentence. Se is traveling to China on a nonstop flight, and she is expected to arrive at noon.

12. Compound Subjects and Verbs Commas should not be used to separate compound subjects and compound verbs in a sentence. The cat chases after the yarn and dove under the table.

13. Phrases & Clauses Prepositional Phrase - consists of a preposition and a noun or pronoun (between, with, beside) ParticipialParticipial Phrase - is participle modified by an adverb (traveling quickly, avoiding delays) Participial Adverbial Clause - Subordinate - modify verbs, adj, adv. or verbs by telling where, when, in what way...

14. What is a participial? A participle is a form of a verb that can act as an adjective. They answer the question What kind? or Which one? about the nouns or pronouns they modify. They can be expanded into phrases Traveling at breakneck speed, we arrived on time.