1. Phrases Groups of words that perform specific functions in sentences

2. Noun Phrases: groups of words that function in a noun role within a sentence Examples: Running a store can be a stressful job. gerund phrase as subject My brother taught me to drink milk from a straw. infinitive phrase as direct object Our cat with grey spots slept near the door. complete subject phrase

3. Verb Phrases: groups of words that function as a verb within a sentence Examples: My dog was running around the yard. You will have been sitting for three hours by the time that I finish teaching.

4. Adjective Phrases: groups of words that function in an adjective role within a sentence Examples: Multiple adjectives joined by a conjunction: Our cat, fat and lazy, sleeps most of the day. Prepositional phrase modifying the direct object, girl: The teacher handed the girl in the pink dress a paper. Participial phrases: Carrying a huge backpack, Carlos looked exhausted. The coach gave Jacob, tired from his intensive defense, a break to drink water.

5. Adverb Phrases: groups of words that function in an adverb role within a sentence Examples: Multiple adverbs joined by a conjunction: The dog ran here and there trying to find his bone. Today and tomorrow, the schedule will be modified. Prepositional phrases modifying the verbs: The frog jumped over the stick. During the thunderstorm, I worried about tornadoes.