1. Water Pollution G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 19 G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 19 Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College Modified by Charlotte Kirkpatrick Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College Modified by Charlotte Kirkpatrick

2. Key Concepts  Types, sources, and effects of water pollutants  Major pollution problems of surface water  Major pollution problems of groundwater  Reduction and prevention of water pollution  Drinking water quality

3. Types and Sources of Water Pollution  Point sources  Nonpoint sources  Biological oxygen demand  Water quality Refer to Tables 19-1 and 19-2 p. 484 and 485 Fig. 19-3 p. 485

4. Point and Nonpoint Sources NONPOINT SOURCES Urban streets Suburban development Wastewater treatment plant Rural homes Cropland Factory Animal feedlot POINT SOURCES Fig. 19-4 p. 486

5. Pollution of Streams  Oxygen sag curve  Factors influencing recovery Fig. 19-5 p. 488

6. Pollution of Lakes  Eutrophication  Slow turnover  Thermal stratification Fig. 19-7 p. 491

7. Pollution of Lakes Fig. 19-7 p. 491

8. Case Study: The Great Lakes Fig. 19-8 p. 492

9. Groundwater Pollution: Sources  Low flow rates  Few bacteria  Cold temperatures Fig. 19-10 p. 494 Coal strip mine runoff Pumping well Waste lagoon Accidental spills Groundwater flow Confined aquifer Discharge Leakage from faulty casing Hazardous waste injection well Pesticides Gasoline station Buried gasoline and solvent tank Sewer Cesspool septic tank De-icing road salt Unconfined freshwater aquifer Confined freshwater aquifer Water pumping well Landfill

10. Groundwater Pollution Prevention  Monitoring aquifers  Leak detection systems  Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal  Storing hazardous materials above ground

11. AP IQ #1 What does BOD measure? What is the result of an excess amount of nitrates? What does the Q-value do? Which federal law provided for a fund to clean up massive toxic spills? Who likes chocolate?

12. Ocean Pollution Fig. 19-12 p. 498

13. Case Study: Chesapeake Bay  Largest US estuary  Relatively shallow  Slow “flushing” action to Atlantic  Major problems with dissolved O 2 Fig. 19-14 p. 500

14. Oil Spills  Sources: offshore wells, tankers, pipelines and storage tanks  Effects: death of organisms, loss of animal insulation and buoyancy, smothering  Significant economic impacts  Mechanical cleanup methods: skimmers and blotters  Chemical cleanup methods: coagulants and dispersing agents

15. Solutions: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution Nonpoint Sources Point Sources  Reduce runoff  Buffer zone vegetation  Reduce soil erosion  Clean Water Act  Water Quality Act

16. Technological Approach: Septic Systems  Require suitable soils and maintenance Fig. 19-16 p. 504

17. Technological Approach: Sewage Treatment: Primary and Secondary  Mechanical and biological treatment Fig. 19-17 p. 504

18. Technological Approach: Advanced Sewage Treatment  Removes specific pollutants Fig. 19-18 p. 505

19. Technological Approach: Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage Fig. 19-19 p. 506

20. Drinking Water Quality  Safe Drinking Water Act  Maximum contaminant levels  http://www.fountainvalley.org/government/departments/publicworks/waterqu alityreport2006.pdf http://www.fountainvalley.org/government/departments/publicworks/waterqu alityreport2006.pdf  Maximum contaminant levels  http://www.fountainvalley.org/government/departments/publicworks/waterqu alityreport2006.pdf http://www.fountainvalley.org/government/departments/publicworks/waterqu alityreport2006.pdf  Bottled water Fig. 19-11 p. 495