1. International Agriculture AGED 4713 International Panel: Mexico Manuel D. Corro Spring 2003

2. Mexican History European influence from Spain 4 Prehispanic culture:  Aztec 4 Mayan 4 Zapotecan 4 Mixtecan 4 Totonacan 4 Olmecan

3. Geographic data 3 Area: 1,972,550 sq. Km 3 14 th largest country 3 32 States 3 1 Federal District Every State divided in “Municipios” (counties)

4. Population 4 11 th most populated country in the world 4 Population density: 52.5 people per sq.kilometer 4 Range: 15 to 5 587 p/sq km 4 Population growth rate: 1.6 4 74 % Population living in urban areas 4 26% Population living in rural areas (24 millions) Source: www.inegi.gob.mx 103,400,165 people

5. Facts about Mexican population 4 Official and business language: Spanish 4 Several Indigenous languages 4 Nahuatl, Mayan, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomie, Tarahumara, Yaqui 4 Diverse Population: 4 60%, mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 4 30%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 410 % full blood Mexican indigenous 4 9% white 4 1% other

6. Mexico City, Federal District

7. Economy F Mexico´s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) amounted to 920 billion dollars in 2001 GDP per capita $9,100 Currency: Mexican Peso $ 1 US Dollar = $ 11.00 pesos

8. Agroecological Regions in Mexico u Arid and Semiarid u Temperate Highland u Tropical

10. Facts about Mexican Agriculture 4 20 % Labor force (8 millions) 414 % Agricultural land 4 85 % cropping on rainfed land 4 15 % irrigated 4Rainfed land: 4 30 % good 4 53 % fair 4 17 % poor 4 Tractors 1.8/100 Ag. Labor 4 Combine 1/1000 Ag. Labor 4Annual Income/farmer ~$2000 Dollars

11. Grains harvested in 2000 Source: www.sagar.gob.mx

12. Perennial Crop Production F Avocado F Banana F Citrus: –Lemon –Orange F Coffee F Mango F Papaya F Sugar cane

13. Other crops F Chili F Tomatoes F Onions F Strawberry F Melons F Watermelons F Guava

14. Livestock Production

15. Livestock Production, National consumption (Import and domestic) and world rank 2000

16. Meat Consumption 52 kg/year Per capita

17. The Education System in Mexico

18. Some data about Education in Mexico Y 1921 66 % literacy rate Y 1995 91 % literacy rate Y 90 % 15 years old people finish elementary school Y 30 millions students in all levels Y 1.4 million of teachers and professors Y 212 thousand education centers (all levels) Source: www.sep.gob.mx

19. Enrollment in National Education System 30 millions of students Source: www.sep.gob.mx

20. The structure of Mexican Education F Preschool ( 3-5 years old) F Elementary 6 levels (6-11 yrs) F Lower Secondary 3 levels (12-14 yr.) F Upper Secondary (“preparatoria”) 3 levels (15-17 yr.) F Technological Upper Secondary or Technical Professional (3 years after lower secondary) F Universities, Technological Institutes, Teacher education Colleges 4 to 5 years (18- 24 years old) F Graduate Studies: Specialization, Master and Ph.D.. Source: www.sep.gob.mx

21. Mexican Education System: Higher Education enrollment 1,727.5 thousands of students 73.6 % Public 26.5 % Private

22. Mexican Higher Education enrollment: by branches of Science

23. Agricultural Universities in Mexico Supported by Ministry of Agriculture Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo Coahuila Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Texcoco Estado de Mexico Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agricolas, Texcoco Estado de Mexico

24. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM F Oldest University : 1551 F Decentralized F Autonomous F Funded by Federal Government: – Secretary of Education – Competitive research funds: CONACYT – UNAM Foundation: private support (10%) F Mission: – Teaching, Research and Outreach

25. F 85 % of research in Mexico (all areas) F Comprehensive University (4-6 years) F 68 Colleges offer 130 careers – (145 000 College Students ) – College of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics ( 2 campuses >3500 students) – College of Agricultural Sciences (1000 students) UNAM

26. International trade

27. Agricultural Trade and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) FNAFTA: Canada, the U.S. and Mexico FMexico Third largest foreign importer from U.S u After Japan and Canada Second largest foreign supplier of Ag. Products to U.S. After Canada FTotal US Ag. exports to Mexico : 10 % meat and meat products 17 % seed 22 % live animals 22 % dairy products 43 % sorghum

28. Agricultural Trade and NAFTA FOver a third of U.S Ag. Imports came from Mexico: –50 % Melons –36 % live animals –20 % of coffee –10 % fruit juice – 6% Bananas FU.S. Is the main market for Mexican Ag. Exports: –95 % Horticultural products –75 % Coffee –56 % Sugar –50 % Live animals –98 % Beer –80 % Tequila

29. Any Questions