1. Chapter 1 Principals of Government
US Government
Chapter 1
Principals of Government

2. Essential features of a State
Nation - a group of people who share a common belief system, culture and language. State - a political unit made up on of one or many nations. (Country) Can you have more than one nation living inside a state?

3. Essential features of a State
Four main components of a State 1 - Population - a state must have people 2 - Territory - recognized boarders 3 - Sovereignty - the ability to make its own laws and have those laws recognized by other states 4- Government -an organization that makes and enforces its public policy

4. Different types of Governments
Unitary system - A centralized government in which all powers belong to a sing central agency. Federal system - a government whose powers are divided between a central government and local governments What is the purpose of a federal government?

5. Economic Conditions
Developed nation - as nation that is industrialized and manufactures products Developing nation - a nation that has not been industrialized and does not manufacture products - agrarian societies, sustenance farming What is the relationship between developed nations and developing nations?

6. Other groups who Influence States
Political Organizations - United Nations, PLO, IRA Multinational Corporations - Bear Sterns, AIG, McDonalds International Organizations - OPEC, CARE, UNICEF

7. Purposes of Governments
Why are governments important 1. Maintain Social Order 2. Provide public Services 3. Provide National Security 4. Provide and control and economic system

8. Politics and Government
Politics - use of strategy in obtaining any position of power or control People seek benefits from government How do people use politics to obtain benefits from government?

9. Constitutions and Governments
Constitution - a plan that provides the rules for government. Purposes of a Constitution 1. Sets out common beliefs of the people 2. Establishes structure for government 3. Provides a supreme law for the state A country that gives their constitution the authority to place limits on the powers of those who govern are called Limited Governments

10. Question for thought
It makes no difference what kind of government a country has as long as the citizens are safe, well-fed and comfortable.
Agree or Disagree

11. Types of Governments
Autocracy - Rule by one person Oligarchy - Rule by a few people Democracy - Rule by many people

12. Types of Autocracies
Totalitarian Dictatorship - a person seizes power for himself by force and controls the government by his own will.
Monarchy
Absolute Monarch - power to govern is held by the king alone
Constitutional Monarch (limited Monarch) power of the king is governed by a constitution

13. Oligarchies
Governments run by a few select individuals. Communist countries Religious governments Elitist Governments

14. Democracies
Direct Democracy - all people vote on all issues - too complicated for everyday person to understand - too time consuming
Representative Democracy - people represent others to vote on issues for the
Republic - voters hold the sovereign power to elect representatives

15. Democracies
Characteristics of democracies 1. Individual liberty - people are free to make their own choices 2. Majority Rule with Minority Rights - people are protected from the rule of the majority if it is harmful or dangerous 3. Free Elections - people are allowed to vote freely and power is exchanged without violence 4. Competing political parties - groups of individuals with broad common interests

16. Needs for a True Democracy
Favorable economy - no one who is starving cares about how the country is being run
Widespread Education - if you can not educate yourself about the issues, you really will not care about issues
Social Consensus - people sharing the same belief system (individual liberty and equality for all)

17. Economic Systems
Role of an economic system - three basic economic questions 1. What goods and services will be produced 2. How will those goods and services be produces 3. Who will receive those goods and services

18. Economic system Capitalism - Main characteristics Private ownership
Free enterprise - ability to trade freely
Competition among business - no monopolies
Freedom of choice - government does not interfere in creation of products
Possibility for profits

19. Economic Systems Socialism - Main characteristics
Equally distribute wealth
Governmental control of production
Public ownership of land, factories and other means of production
Democratic Socialism - people have free elections, but those elected control the economy

20. Economic Systems
Communism - one class of people who hold all property in common. To each according to his needs, from each according to his ability - Karl Marx Command economy - government decides the answer to the three basic economic questions

21. Assignment
Vocabulary Page 24
Questions