1. Comparing Academic and Non-Academic Organizational Cultures Sean M. Heuvel EPPL 751 The College of William and Mary

2. Presentation Overview Introduction/Core Concepts Theoretical Orientation Background on Topic Case Study Preliminary Research Design Factors to Consider Conclusion

3. Introduction/Core Concepts In what ways does academic culture compare with non-academic culture? What perceptions do non-traditional college presidents have of academic culture? What strategies do non-traditional presidents use to adapt to academic culture?

4. Theoretical Orientation Conflict Theory – “the glue of society is economic, political, cultural, and military power” (Sadovnik, 2011). Bourdieu’s Forms of Capital – who possesses the most cultural capital, social capital, and/or symbolic capital?

5. Background (Academic Culture) Characterized by a extreme structural differentiation (Lane, 1985). University decision making is weak (i.e. organized anarchy) (Lane, 1985). Dualism of controls (Birnbaum, 1988). Opportunity for continual investment in oneself (Rosovsky, 1990).

6. Background (Non-Academic Culture) Corporate culture – shared assumptions and values (Gordon, 1991). Profit and growth of organization are key goals (Hofstede, 2002). Possible presence of autocratic leadership and management styles (Rotemberg, 1993).

7. Case Study (Dwight D. Eisenhower at Columbia Univ.) Served as president of Columbia University from 1948 to 1953. His tenure was described as a poor fit for both him and the university. Used to military culture, he could never adjust to academic life.

8. Factors to Consider Instead of focusing on how the cultures are different, in what ways may they be similar? Instead of looking at the macro level, what differences may exist within academic culture as well as non-academic culture? What role does the individual play in how they perceive these cultures?

9. Preliminary Research Design Researcher will interview five non-traditional college presidents. Interview protocol will consist of five questions and five follow-up questions. General and axial coding will be used to develop key themes and sub-themes. Sources for data triangulation: interviews, reflexive journaling, persistent observation, and researcher field notes.

10. Conclusion Questions?

11. References Birnbaum, R. (1988). How College’s Work: The Cybernetics of Academic Organization and Leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Gordon, G.G. (1991). Determinants of Organizational Culture. The Academy of Management Review, 16, 396-415. Hofestede, G., Van Deusen, C.A., Mueller, C.B., & Charles, T.A. (2002). What Goals do Business Leaders Pursue? A Study in Fifteen Countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 33, 785-803. Lane, J.E. (1985). Academic Profession in Academic Organization. Higher Education, 14, 241-268. Rosovsky, H. (1990). The University: An Owner’s Manual. New York: Norton. Rotemberg, J.J. & Saloner, G. (1993). Leadership Style and Incentives. Management Science, 39, 1299-1318. Sadovnik, A.R. (2011). Sociology of Education: A Critical Reader, 2 nd Edition. New York: Routledge.