2. 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x Latin Sub-Phylum Vertebrata Amphibians Is it the Truth? 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x Fishes

3. amphi- (a) Aquatic (b) Quick (c) Double (d) Jointed

4. tetrapod- (a) Four feet (b) No feet (c) Large feet (d) Grow feet

5. -gnathus (a) Mouth/Jaw (b) Bone/Cartilage (c) Sperm/Egg-layer (d) Slither/Slider

6. anura- (a) Legless (b) Strong bodied (c) Without tail (d) Adaptive

7. chondros- (a) Cartilage (b) Predatory (c) Teeth (d) Jawed

8. Which of the following is the LEAST likely to be a characteristic shared by ALL vertebrates? (a) Backbone (b) Scales (c) Cranium (d) Endoskeleton

9. Which of the following is the correct NUMBER of vertebrate classes under Phylum Chordata? (a) 4 classes (b) 5 classes (c) 6 classes (d) 7 classes

10. Of the following groupings, the one with the greatest species richness would be… (a) Fish Only (b) Amphibians + Reptiles (c) Reptiles + Birds (d) Birds + Mammals

11. Which of the following adaptations would be the LEAST argued as important for vertebrate evolution. (a) Fins (b) Senses (c) Jaws (d) Exoskeleton

12. Which group is given credit with being the first FULLY terrestrial vertebrates? (a) Amphibians (b) Reptiles (c) Birds (d) Mammals

13. In the single-loop circulation of a bony fish, blood is forcefully pumped over the gills by the… (a) Atrium (b) Ventricle (c) Sinus Venosus (d) Conus Venosus

14. The evolution of gill filaments arose as a need for early aquatic vertebrates to… (a) Improve smell (b) Detect vibrations (c) Exchange gases (d) Swim better

15. Evolution of different fins improved swimming, but the fin (or fins) that are largely responsible for propulsion forward is/are the… (a) Dorsal Fins (b) Anal Fin (c) Pelvic Fins (d) Caudal Fin

16. Of the following, which adaptation is the LEAST likely to be employed by a shark while hunting fish? (a) Olfactory Senses (b) Lateral Lines-Vibrations (c) Detection of endothermy (d) Electroreceptors in head

17. Which characteristic below is found ONLY in aquatic vertebrates? (a) Calcified endoskeleton (b) Bony Cranium (c) Cartilaginous endoskeleton (d) Segmented vertebrae

18. To aid in the process of respiration, MOST adult amphibians make use of their small lungs as well as their… (a) Skin (b) Gills (c) Cloaca (d) Cerebrum

19. One factor that may have favored the evolutionary migration of aquatic-life TO terrestrial-life was… (a) Colder oceans (b) Increased food on land (c) Decreased oceanic competition (d) Increased predation on land

20. The direction that air flows when a frog inhales or exhales is regulated by its… (a) Diaphragm (b) Nostrils (c) Floor of Mouth (d) Lungs

21. (a) Amplexus (b) Digestion (c) Fertilization (d) Metamorphosis An amphibian hormone, thyroxine, when circulating in the bloodstream, will stimulate which event…

22. If a lab frog is induced into a coma (breathing but unconscious), it is expected that which part of the brain would be maintaining its life? (a) Cerebrum (b) Olfactory Lobe (c) Cerebellum (d) Medulla Oblongata

23. (a) True (b) False Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are vertebrates belonging to Phylum Chordata.

24. It is suggested that the limbs of terrestrial vertebrates may have evolved from the lobed-fins of fish. (a) True (b) False

25. A tympanic membrane protects and moistens an amphibian eye. (a) True (b) False

26. Frog are among the first vertebrates to evolve a true four-chambered heart for circulation. (a) True (b) False

27. Marine fish contain lower amounts of solute than seawater, and thus tend to urinate less often than freshwater fish. (a) True (b) False