1. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s1 Why Do We Care About Water??

2. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s2 What are the resources?  More than 3.5 million miles of rivers and streams (including intermittent streams) www.noaa.gov/str-plan/images/river.gif

3. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s3  How do people use freshwater resources? Beneficial uses of water http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ/circ1156/circ1156.4D.html

4. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s4  Aquatic life and wildlife support  Fish/shellfish consumption  Drinking water supply  Recreation  Agriculture Beneficial uses: Summary

5. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s5 Beneficial uses: Aquatic life and wildlife support  The waterbody provides suitable habitat for survival and reproduction of desirable fish, shellfish, and other aquatic organisms http://www.pnl.gov/breakthroughs/images/ fall02/fish.jpg Don Breneman

6. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s6  The water body supports populations that do not pose a human health risk to consumers:  Fish free from contaminants  Shellfish free from toxicants and pathogens Beneficial uses: Fish and shellfish consumption http://seagrant.umn.edu/pubs/vgl/com3.htmlhttp://hawaii.gov/health/eh/food/

7. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s7 http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/ Beneficial uses: Drinking water supply  The water body can supply safe drinking water with conventional treatment

8. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s8 Beneficial uses: Recreation  Primary contact recreation - Swimming  People can swim in the waterbody without risk of adverse human health effects (such as catching waterborne diseases from raw sewage contamination)  Secondary contact recreation  People can perform activities on the water (such as canoeing) without risk of adverse human health effects from occasional contact with the water http://www.recreation.gov/FWSimgs/ http://www.recreation.gov/USACEimgs/

9. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s9 Beneficial uses: Agriculture  Agriculture  The water quality is suitable for irrigating fields or watering livestock http://www.florence.ars.usda.gov/ki dsonly/element/dirtcp3.jpg http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/ photos/jul02/k4117-15i.jpg

10. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s10 Other beneficial uses  Landscaping  Power generation  Industrial processing and/or cooling http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/wateruse/images/sprinkler.jpg http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/pubs/vgl/medium/168.jpg

11. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s11 How Might Water Quality be Damaged?

12. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s12 Water quality degradation http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/casa/california.html http://lakeaccess.org/lakedata/lawnfertilizer/studydesign.htm http://www.epa.gov/region09/features/animalwaste/images/fish.jpg http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/pubs/vgl/medium/168.jpg

13. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s13  Beneficial uses:  Aquatic life and wildlife support  Fish/shellfish consumption  Drinking water supply  Recreation  Agriculture Water quality degradation http://drinkingwater.utah.gov/

14. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s14  Percentage of assessed river miles impaired by leading pollutants or stressors:  (39% or 269,258 miles impaired) Water quality degradation: River stressors Source: Based on 2000 state Section 305(b) reports.

15. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s15  Percentage of assessed river miles impaired by specific sources  (39% or 269,258 miles impaired) Water quality degradation: River pollutant sources Source: Based on 2000 state Section 305(b) reports.

16. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s16  What is it?  How does it differ from Point Source? Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1994/ 102-9/focusnonpoint.JPG

17. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s17 Nonpoint source pollution: What is it? ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1994/ 102-9/focusnonpoint.JPG

18. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s18 NPS pollution: Characteristics  Occurs over extensive areas  Enters receiving water in a diffuse manner  Carried by water over land or through soil profile to receiving water  Difficult to trace to point of origin  Magnitude related to climatic events http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/watersheds/green/img/Green-River-Flooding-1995.jpg

19. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s19 NPS pollution: Sources of pollutants

20. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s20 NPS pollution: Impact from leading stressors

21. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s21 NPS pollution: Urban storm water  From streets, yards, buildings, and construction sites  Grease, salts, animal wastes, nutrients, sediments, lead, others http://www.lanl.gov/orgs/pa/News/ParkingClosed.jpg http://www.planthealth.gov.mt/pest03.JPG http://lakeaccess.org/l akedata/lawnfertilizer/ studydesign.htm http://www.mqtinfo.org/media/planningeduc/runoff_1.jpg

22. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s22 NPS pollution  Agricultural  Nutrients, sediment, pesticides, herbicides http://www.usda.gov/oc/photo/b93c3671.jpg http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/images/wu108f08.jpg http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/biotechnology/Images/b94c3886.jpg http://www.iird.vic.gov.au/Web/ORR/ORR.nsf/ImageLooku p/Graphics4/$file/spraying.gif http://pwa.ars.usda.gov/pendleton/cpcrc/snowmelt.gif

23. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s23 NPS pollution  Forestry / Logging  Sediments  Pesticides http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/mining/Geolsurv/Surficial/landslid/plate3.jpg logged http://www.nps.gov/jofl/resourc es/connie200x150.jpg

24. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s24 NPS pollution  Mining  Sediments  Drainage waters with low pH  Heavy metals and other hazardous mineral http://www.algor.com/news_pub/cust_app/Colorado_Mines/images%5Cosmre-gov-photo147.jpg

25. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s25 NPS pollution  Atmospheric deposition  Carbon dioxide - acid rain  Pesticides, herbicides  Sediment  Mercury, PCBs, others

26. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s26 Fracking

27. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s27 How Do We Protect Our Water?

28. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s28  What can be done to manage the problem? Nonpoint source pollution: NPS

29. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s29 How Do We Know if We Are Successful?

30. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s30 Monitoring and Assesment

31. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s31 Beneficial uses:  Water quality for the beneficial uses can be degraded by human actions or natural events  The US Environmental Protection Agency is a major federal agency responsible for monitoring and assessing water quality

32. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s32 Beneficial uses: Monitoring program questions  What is the overall quality of waters in the State?  To what extent is water quality changing over time?  What are the problem areas and areas needing protection?  The State must identify impaired waters.  The State should also identify waters that are currently of high quality and should be protected from degradation  What level of protection is needed?  How effective are clean water projects and programs?

33. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s33 Beneficial uses: Five levels of water use 1. Fully supporting overall use  All designated beneficial uses are fully supported 2. Threatened overall use  One or more designated beneficial uses are threatened and the remaining uses are fully supported 3. Partially supporting overall use  One or more designated beneficial uses are partially supported and the remaining uses are fully supported

34. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s34 Beneficial uses: Five levels of water use 4. Not supporting overall use  One or more designated beneficial uses are not supported 5. Not attainable  The State has performed a use-attainability study and documented that use support of one or more designated beneficial uses is not achievable due to natural conditions or human activity that cannot be reversed without imposing widespread economic and social impacts

35. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s35 Water quality degradation: River use support

36. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s36 Water quality: Assessments problems  Not all bodies of water are assessed  Only a small percentage per year  Supposedly all within a 5 to 10 year window

37. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s37 Water quality: Assessments problems  Intermittent and small tributaries are either not assessed or are very infrequently measured  States tend to focus on known problems  Random surveys are rare  States have varying standards  Concentration on 2 of 6 use supports  Fish advisories not included

38. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s38 What would You Assess?  What data would you want?

39. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s39 Can You Put Your Data in Categories?

40. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s40 Proposed Categories  Physical  Chemical  Biological

41. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s41 Are These Independent Variables?  How might they relate…if they do?

42. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s42 Building Your Stream Model  Emphasize Relationships  Visualize Your Stream  The memory map

43. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s43  Four dimensions:  Longitudinal  Lateral  Vertical  Time Lotic systems www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca/rivers/chintro.htm The four dimensions of a lotic system

44. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s44  The shape, size and content of a river are constantly changing, forming a close and mutual interdependence between the river and the land it traverses. www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca/rivers/chintro.htm Variation in time and space

45. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s45 The Delaware River Watershed Initiative  DRWI  You will be submitting data to ANS  Academy of Natural Sciences  Data retained forever  You will be presenting your data  Best presentation recognized by DRWI/ANS/PKC  You will work to protect our water  Part of something big  You Matter!

46. Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s46 Water on the Web  This presentation includes material from Water on the Web (WoW) WOW. 2004. Water on the Web - Monitoring Minnesota Lakes on the Internet and Training Water Science Technicians for the Future - A National On-line Curriculum using Advanced Technologies and Real-Time Data. http://WaterOntheWeb.org). University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812. Authors: Munson, BH, Axler, R, Hagley C, Host G, Merrick G, Richards C.  I would also like to thank Dr. Jewett-Smith for her contributions to this presentation