1. Laws of Thermodynamics Week 2-3 Dr. Thornton OAPB

2. Thermo-heat Dynamics- changing (not static) Laws of Thermodynamics

3. Work= Fxd Work= force x distance Energy is moved or transformed Laws of Thermodynamics

4. Energy Energy is the ability to bring about change or to do work. Thermodynamics is the study of energy. heat, light, chemical energy, and electrical energy.

5. The total amount of energy and matter in the Universe remains constant, Merely changing from one form to another. The First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that: energy is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed. In essence, energy can be converted from one form into another. Laws of Thermodynamics

6. The Second Law of Thermodynamics For any system, over time, disorder tends to increase This is also commonly referred to as entropy.

7. Entropy-measure of disorder in a system System- collection of two or more parts interacting Laws of Thermodynamics

8. Equilibrium- means a state of balance State of thermodynamic equilibrium, – there are no net flows of matter or of energy, – no phase changes, and – no unbalanced potentials (or driving forces), within the system. A system that is in thermodynamic equilibrium – experiences no changes when it is isolated from its surroundings. Thermodynamic Equillibrium

9. Closed system-energy does not go in or out of the system Laws of Thermodynamics Is this possible?

10. Open system-cannot reach equillibrium – This violates the second law (e.g. hurricanes order vapor and pressures, but what does this do?) Laws of Thermodynamics

11. Fluids (liquid or gas) Lie in cells/how cells transport energy Isosmotic-same Hypersmotic-one solution has greater water concentration than the other Hyposmotic-one solution has a lower water concentration thant the other Gradient Energy

12. Reproduce Growth Metabolize Pollute or produce waste Respond to environment (same as Chapter one pg 9) Properties of Life

13. Biological Organization Cells-fundamental unit of life Colony-colonizaiton of cells (can live outsde of colony) Multicellular organisms-cannot live outside organism; welfare of the whole organism outweighs the welfare of a single cell

14. Biological Organization Apoptosis-programmed cell suicide – Hair, skin, neurons in young teens

15. Biological Organizaiton Tissue-collection of cells with a common function Organs-collection of tissues with a common function Organ system-group of organs working in a system together

16. Biological Organizaiton Organ supersystems-systems w/smaller subsystems Ecosystem-includes aspects of the environment that organisms live in; contains living and non-living components

17. Reactions Exergonic-Ex (ouside)- releases energy

18. Reactions Energonic-En- Inside-energy is absorbed

19. How does all this relate to cells and biology? Cell membranes Sharks in freshwater Freshwater fish in salt water Egg in salt water Endergonic vs exergonic Thermodynamics Na+ K+ pump