1. Innovative and effective approaches to climate change: Experiences from the Global Climate Change Alliance Brussels 12 th -14 th September 2012 Summary of main outcomes of discussions in the « forests » groups Session 23, day 2, 13 September 2012

2. Challenges and responses – Afforestation/reforestation projects (1) ChallengesResponses / Success factors Lack of interest and ownership by local communities => Projects and results collapse as soon as external financing ends  Work in areas controlled by local communities  Projects presented by communities / local authorities, through NGOs  Projects meeting needs and expectations of the local population  Contractual and moral commitment to sustainability  Co-financing by local authorities  Subsidies to private initiatives (small tools, technical training)  Use of fast growing species (among others)  Development of agro-sylvo-pastoral systems that rapidly produce tangible results  Subsidies to private actors and local authorities for demonstration projects that have a good chance of being replicated 2

3. ChallengesResponses / Success factors Insufficient public resources to maintain and monitor public plantations Degradation of young plantations due to lack of fencing / monitoring and roaming cattle  Investment in plantations that do not require watering or any significant amount of maintenance  Use of project approaches that create sufficient interest in the local population (see above) to ensure it takes responsibility for monitoring and maintenance Unclear and/or insecure tenure arrangements  In-depth analysis of tenure-related issues (including social and cultural aspects) before starting projects  Selection of sites where tenure issues have been settled / tenure-related conflicts are unlikely 3 Challenges and responses – Afforestation/reforestation projects (2)

4. Challenges and responses – General issues (1) ChallengesResponses / Success factors Incorrect / Unreliable reporting on afforested / reforested areas Setting up of a simple forest information system supporting the monitoring of actual achievements and their evolution an objective basis (public system operated on a transparent basis and open to inputs from non-state actors) Generally weak capacities  Build on past training and capacity building efforts  Make best possible use of available experience and competences  Ensure the capacities of all stakeholders are strengthened – this is key to the sustainability of interventions  Set up within the GCCA a facility for financing exchange visits across projects 4

5. Challenges and responses – General issues (2) ChallengesResponses / Success factors Lack of data on forests Insufficient capacities to collect and manage data  Prioritise data collection and management (incl. forest inventories) in capacity development plans  For information systems, replace older staff with younger people with basic IT skills  Provide TA on a long-term basis – not necessarily on a full-time basis, but allowing for recurrent / periodic support Rapid staff turnover “Poaching” of trained officials  Organisation of training on a recurrent basis  Contracts with the national administration setting out training objectives, requiring trained staff to remain in place for at least 2 years following the training 5

6. Challenges and responses – General issues (3) ChallengesResponses/ Success factors Unclear, unsatisfactory or complex institutional and coordination arrangements  Designation of a single organisation in charge of CC coordination, which can be strengthened to fully play this role  Setting up (by national authorities) of multi- stakeholder consultation frameworks at national and sub-national levels (ensure they meet periodically)  Where satisfactory arrangements exist for management or monitoring (e.g. steering committees) and coordination, fully anchor new interventions into these arrangements rather than creating new, ad hoc ones 6

7. Articulation of programme components: DRC 7 Support for CC mainstreaming into the national forest strategy Capacity building for all stakeholders, with a specific focus on forest administration staff Field activities (agroforestry plantations, rehabilitation of degraded areas) Ultimately, what matters most is what happens in the field (improvements in living conditions)

8. Articulation of programme components: Burkina Faso 8 Consolidation of existing data and research findings Implementation of new research projects (e.g. on MRV methodologies) Field activities

9. Challenges and responses – Specific issues (1) ChallengesResponses / Success factors Generational transition in public administration, in a context in which the new generation is in fact less well trained and has lower skills than the older one  Massively train new staff, on the job and in the context of higher education programmes  Establish a strong centre of competence in the field of forest- and CC-related training  Develop new skills required for CC adaptation and mitigation Distribution of benefits of REDD projects ??? 9

10. Challenges and responses – Specific issues (2) ChallengesResponses / Success factors Access to forest carbon credits made difficult by:  Lack of a national designated authority  Complex methodologies and requirements  Problems linked to EC financial procedures (lack of predictability of co-financing amounts)  Concern that the prospect of access to this source of financing leads to the implementation of projects more focused on getting the money than on serving the needs of the population Giving up the integration of forest carbon credits in afforestation / reforestation projects, and leaving it up to others to assess opportunities and set up pilot projects, is one of the possible responses 10

11. General lessons learned (1) Draw as much as possible on lessons learned from past experience Strongly anchor interventions in national policies, planning mechanisms and institutions / management structures –Align on and contribute to national priorities, if they are clearly defined –Integrate with existing programming, management and monitoring-evaluation frameworks –Where the policy, planning and/or management frameworks are weak, support their development 11

12. General lessons learned (2) Support for existing rather than totally new initiatives is also justified on the basis of some specific features of the GCCA: –Allocation of funding prior to the precise identification of needs –Usually short time available for formulation Make best possible use of EC procedures in the choice of implementing modalities –Even if perceived as rigid, procedures sometimes allow for a certain amount of flexibility (e.g. framework contracts to meet specific and evolving needs of the national administration) 12