1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy & Physiology SEVENTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb Katja Hoehn PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, Bluegrass Technical and Community College C H A P T E R 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric P A R T C

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue  Most abundant  Found everywhere  Functions to a. Bind and support b. Protect c. Insulate d. transport

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Connective Tissue 1. Proper – everything except blood, bone, and cartilage - loose: loose arrangement of fibers  Includes: areolar which supports, binds, holds fluids and forms subcutaneous layer Adipose (fat cells) – serves as insulation, shock absorption, energy storage White fat stores nutrients Brown fat contain mitochondria that heat the bloodstream

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Proper - Dense  Regular – collagen fibers parallel to the pull Provides flexibility Forms tendons, fascia, ligaments

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dense - Irregular  Collagen fibers parallel but thicker than regular  Found in dermis, joint capsules, and coverings of bones, cartilages, and nerves

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cartilage  Hyaline – covers ends of bones, tip of nose, connects ribs to sternum, supports respiratory passages

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage Figure 4.9f

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cartilage - Elastic  External ear, epiglottis  Strength and stretchability

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue: Elastic Cartilage Figure 4.9g

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cartilage - Fibrocartilage  Compressible  Resists tension  Heavy support  Intervertebral discs  Spongy cartilages of knee

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue: Fibrocartilage Cartilage Figure 4.9h

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bone (Osseous Tissue)  Ability to support  Provide cavities for fat storage  Synthesis of blood cells  Contains calcium salts

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue: Bone (Osseous Tissue) Figure 4.9i

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood  Does not CONNECT things  Develops from same original embryonic tissue (mesenchyme) as other connective tissue  Consists of cells and plasma  Functions to transport nutrients, wastes, gases

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue: Blood Figure 4.9j

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PLAY InterActive Physiology ®: Nervous System I: Anatomy Review Nervous Tissue  Branched neurons with long cellular processes and support cells  Transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors  Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves  Neuroglia – support cells

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue Figure 4.10

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscle Tissue: Skeletal  Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations  Initiates and controls voluntary movement  Found in skeletal muscles that attach to bones or skin Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

19. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscle Tissue: Skeletal Figure 4.11a

20. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscle Tissue: Cardiac Figure 4.11b

21. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscle Tissue: Smooth Figure 4.11c

22. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tissue Trauma  Causes inflammation, characterized by:  Dilation of blood vessels  Increase in vessel permeability  Redness, heat, swelling, and pain

23. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Epithelial Membranes:Cutaneous Membrane  Cutaneous – skin Figure 4.12a

24. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Epithelial Membranes: Mucous Membrane  Mucous – lines body cavities open to the exterior (e.g., digestive and respiratory tracts)  Serous – moist membranes found in closed ventral body cavity Figure 4.12b

25. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Epithelial Membranes: Serous Membranes Figure 4.12c

26. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Developmental Aspects  Primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm  Three layers of cells formed early in embryonic development  Specialize to form the four primary tissues  Nerve tissue arises from ectoderm

27. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Developmental Aspects  Muscle, connective tissue, endothelium, and mesothelium arise from mesoderm  Most mucosae arise from endoderm  Epithelial tissues arise from all three germ layers

28. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Developmental Aspects Figure 4.14