1. Introduction to Body Organization Anatomy-Physiology I … here we go!

2. Human Body Introduction Made of about the same 20+ elements found in dirt. http://serc.carleton.edu/images/usingdata/nasaimages/carbon_atom.gif

3. What is the Body Made of? A) 70-85% water B) 10-20% protein C) Remaining %: salts, Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

4. Six Levels of Organization 1. chemical 2. cellular 3. tissue 4. Organ 5. System 6. Organism

5. Claude Bernard Said that “cells of many-celled organisms flourish because they live in relative constancy of the internal environment”. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/pics/Bernard.jpg Claude Bernard 1813-1878

6. Walter B. Cannon 1871-1945 Coined the term “homeostasis” = the condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment. It is dynamic and always responding to changes in the environment.

7. Feedback Systems = a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is continually monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored,… Examples of controlled conditions: Body temperature Blood pressure Glucose level in blood

8. Components of Feedback Systems 1) Receptor 2) Control Center 3) Effector

9. Negative Feedback = when the response reverses the original stimulus EX) Blood Pressure (BP) 1) External stimulus causes BP to rise 2) Baroreceptors (pressure sensitive cells) located in blood vessels detect higher BP 3) Message is sent to brain 4) Brain decreases heart rate to lower BP http://www.clipartof.com

10. Positive Feedback = when response enhances or intensifies the original stimulus EX) Childbirth 1) 1st labor contractions push baby downward into lower uterus 2) stretch sensitive nerve receptors monitor the stretching (controlled condition) of uterus 3) the more stretch, the more oxytocin is sent from brain to intensify the contractions Cycle/loop is broken by birth

11. Tissues terminology Histology Pathologist Biopsy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/1102.jpg

12. Four primary tissues of the body 1. Connective Tissue http://www.unm.edu/~vscience/image0

13. Four primary tissues of the body 1. Epithelial Tissue http://www.stegen.k12.mo.us/tchrpges/sghs/ksulkowski/images/_Apical_Epithelial_Tissue.jpg

14. Four primary tissues of the body 3. Muscle Tissue http://www.stegen.k12.mo.us/tchrpges/sghs/ksulkos_Apical_Epithelial_Tissue.jpg

15. Four primary tissues of the body 4. Nervous Tissue

16. Primary Germ Layers 1. Ectoderm develops into nervous system, epidermis 2. Mesoderm gives rise to all connective tissues, most muscle, blood and blood vessels 3. Endoderm gives rise to GI tract, bladder, and respiratory tract http://universe-review.ca/I10-13-layers.jpg