1. Animal emotions Agnė Bružaitė Psbd08-1

2. Content Main points; Frameworks for viewing emotions; Examples of animal emotions.

3. Emotions Feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements that influence behavior.

4. Can they feel? Jeremy Bentham (1789): "The question is not, Can they reason? nor, Can they talk but Can they suffer?"

5. What do they feel? No great cognitive powers or intellectual effort are needed to feel: Pain; Fear; Empathy; Happines; Sadness; Love and other emotions.

6. Frameworks for viewing emotions I.The functional approach examining the role of emotions in human behavior and then asking whether the function is the same in humans and non-humans. ?

7. Frameworks for viewing emotions Emotions has three stages: 1.Evaluation of an event; 2.Action readiness; 3.Physiological changes, facial expression and then behavioural action.

8. Frameworks for viewing emotions II.The mechanistic approach: Exploring mechanisms underlying emotions, Seeing whether they are similar, Understanding what changes both physiologically and behaviourally.

9. Empathy One female elephant, Babyl, has been injured for years, but the other members of the group have never left her behind.

10. Grief Magpies show a grief, when one of their group dies, by bringing a grass or standing vigil.

11. Gratitude After releasing the whale from the traps, she showed gratitude by flapping around and nuzzling each of her saviours.

12. Enjoyment Rats "enjoy" being tickled; It was found that the rats squealed seven times more while being tickled.

13. Depression Research suggests that canines can experience negative emotions in a similar manner to people.

14. Conclusion For all species emotions serve like “social glue”. They also permit individuals to behave flexibly in a wide variety of situations. Humans are not the only ones who need to do these things.

15. References Robert S. Feldman “Understanding Psychology”. 8th edition. 2006. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion_in_ani mals (2009 05 10)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion_in_ani mals http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/17/scienc e/17chimp.html?pagewanted=print (2009 05 10)http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/17/scienc e/17chimp.html?pagewanted=print http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/livin g/2003333119_animals01.html (2009 05 10)http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/livin g/2003333119_animals01.html

16. Gratitude Thank you