1. High Speed Networks 5 - Fiber Optic Networks Edoardo Berera Telelinea

2. 2 Plan Fiberoptic cables UNSA: ATM & Gigabit networks Renater 2 NTI TEN-155 / GEANT FLAG SEA-ME-WE 3 Project OXYGEN

3. 3 Fiberoptic Cables

4. 4 UNSA Backbone –ATM 155 Mb/s User access –IP over ATM –Ethernet 10/100 Mb/s

5. 5 UNSA Backbone –ATM 155 Mb/s Evolution to Gigabit/s campus network –Tests Commutateurs Gigabit Ethernet User access –IP over ATM –Ethernet 10/100 Mb/s

6. 6 Gigabit Ethernet

7. 7 Renater 2 Réseau National de Télécommunication pour l’Enseignement et la Recherche IPv4 et IPv6 (G6)

8. 8 NTI Noeud de Transit International

9. 9 TEN-155 Trans-European Network 155 Mb/s

10. 10 GEANT

11. 11 FLAG Fiber Link Around the Globe

12. 12 FLAG Cable Two fibre pairs - each operating at 5 Gb/s. Over 28,000 kilometres of cable. 120,000 digital circuits operating at 64 kb/s. Up to 600,000 simultaneous conversations per segment. 326 erbium-doped optical amplifiers. Four fibre-switched branching units. Diversely routed land crossings - two in Egypt and two in Thailand. Operational since November 22, 1997 Installed and commissioned in 27 months Cost 1.5 B$

13. 13 Erbium doped optical amplifier Source: IEEE Spectrum

14. 14 SEA-ME-WE 3 South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 3 –Germany to Australia, Taiwan, Korea and Japan operational since August 30, 1999 38 000 Km, 2 pairs of fibers –direct optical amplification –wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) –8 wavelengths (colors) per pair of fibers –bypass units allow the insertion/extraction of one or two colors per fiber –30 000 telephone circuits per wavelength –483 840 digital 64 kb/s circuits 33 countries, 25 years of lifetime, 1.5 B$

15. 15 WDM and DWDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Source: S.V. Kartalopoulos, « Introduction to DWDM Technology: Data in a Rainbow », chapter 5, IEEE/SPIE

16. 16 Project OXYGEN Neil Tagare, the originator of the FLAG cable –Bechtel Corporation is OXYGEN's project manager –Lehman Brothers serves as its financial advisor 169000 km DWDM technology 2.56 terabits of capacity 97 landing points in 76 countries Initial budget 15 B$

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20. 20 Landing Points Phase 1B –Egypt - Port Said –Egypt - Alexandria –France - Antibes –Gibraltar - Gibraltar –Greece - Athens –Ireland - Dublin –Israel - Tel Aviv –Italy - Genoa –Italy - Lido Di Ostia –Lebanon - Beirut –Malta - Valletta –Monaco - Monaco –Spain - Conil –Spain - Barcelona –Syria - Tartus –Tunisia - Tunis –Turkey - Izmir –U.K. - Fareham –U.S.A. - Tuckerton

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24. 24 Project OXYGEN Subscription price –10 M$ for 1.24 Gb/s network access for 25 years –plus 9% per year for Operations and Maintenance of Network and Terminal Station

25. 25 References CRI, UNSA Renater DANTE FLAG FCR Project OXYGEN