1. US-Mexican Relations III No tengo un subtítulo. Qué lástima.

2. US-MEX relations from an international security perspective (20th Century):  Threat of war unlikely.  Each was a theoretical security threat to the other.  Note: 19th century experience of the Mexicans vis-à-vis the US (and early 20th)

3. BASIC 20TH CENTURY GOALS  MEXICO Options not available: balancing with other states or internal development of sufficient might so as to resist. Options available: open alliance or abnegation  US: Wanted to keep Mexico from having allies who were a military threat to the US (minimally acceptable outcome)

4. POLICY  1940s-late 1960s note: what was Mexico’s defense against an extra-continental attack how does this strategy fit this reality? how is political geography relevant? note: 1951, Mexico refused to sign a defense assistance treaty with US never broke ties with Cuba note on 41—the lack of a small military in Mexico and the potential domestic politics implications

5. POLICY  Mexico: 1. Eschewed alliances with any US rival 2. Pursued no foreign policy interest that the US might construe as a threat 3. Failed to develop a military capability that could resist the US 4. Relied on many different international sources for weapons 5. Cooperated little or not at all with US over international security issues

6. Changes over Time  Breaks down in the 70s and into the 80s, drugs become more of an issue  1980s and Central America causes its own issues

7. Changes over Time  1990s: bandwagoning (def on 36) 1. Eschewed alliances with any US rival 2. Pursued no foreign policy interest that the US might construe as a threat 3. Failed to develop a military capability that could resist the US 4. Built up a substantial military capability to advance joint US-Mex anti-narcotics goals 5. Tilted towards US suppliers of weapons 6. Cooperated with US over int’l security, especially drugs and tolerated some unilateral actions by the US (source: Domínguez,, et al., 36-37)

8. Changes over Time  ISSUES:  -Border: Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo (1848) and Gadsden Treaty/Treaty of Mesilla (1853) and the agreement over the Chamizal (ended in 1963).  -Labor/Immigration

9. Changes over Time  -illegal immigrants  -Bracero Agreement (WWII, Korea, early Cold War)— basically a formal “guest worker” agreement  -Narcotics/Intoxicants  -Marijuana early on  -Alcohol during prohibition  -Modern Ere began in 1969  -Operation: Intercept  -border closing/economic blackmail  -Operations: Condor  -poppy and marijuana elimination  -changed US-Mex relations  -Camarena assassination in 1985  -1986 and the creation of the certification process