1. Pearson Longman PoliticalScienceInteractive Shea, Green, and Smith Living Democracy, Second Editoin Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement

2. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Citizens in Action: Rocking the Vote “Rock the Vote” was founded in 1990 and is nonpartisan and nonprofit Registered 1.4 million young people to vote in 2004 alone

3. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Activism and Protest in the United States: A Brief History “The liberty of association has become a necessary guarantee against the tyranny of the majority…. There are no countries in which associations are more needed, to prevent the despotism of faction or the arbitrary power of the prince, than those which are democratically constituted.” Alexis de Tocqueville, 1835

4. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Activism and Protest in the United States: A Brief History The Right to Revolt John Locke argued that certain rights cannot be taken away. Jefferson based the Declaration on this premise, and further argued that resistance is justified when rights are curtailed.

5. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Constitutional Guarantees for Citizen Activism and Mobilization The First Amendment Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Influencing the Government Through Mobilization and Participation

6. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Pathways of Change From Around the World: Audrey Codera Founded Youth Works, Inc. to use microfinance loans to youths around the world for community projects. Started with $200

7. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Early Social Movements: The First National Groups Emerge, 1830s-1890 The Abolitionist Movement American Anti-Slavery Society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan, 1833 Movement split between those who favored nonviolence and those who favored violence

8. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Early Social Movements: The First National Groups Emerge, 1830s–1890 The Women’s Rights Movement: The First Wave Declaration of Sentiments, Seneca Falls, 1848 From 1910, became a mass movement Nineteenth Amendment ratified in 1920

9. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Pathways Profile: Alice Stokes Paul Organized the first national suffrage parade in Washington on March 3, 1913 1916 founded the National Woman’s Party

10. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Early Social Movements: The First National Groups Emerge, 1830s–1890 The Prohibition Movement Roots in early 1800s Panic of 1837 helped make temperance a mass movement Women’s Christian Temperance Union founded in 1874 Eighteenth Amendment, 1919 (Repealed by Twenty-First Amendment)

11. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Progressive Era Movements 1890s–1920s The Rise of Labor Unions American Federation of Labor, 1886 AFL and other unions won the right to organize under the Clayton Act, 1914 Child Textile Workers in Philadelphia

12. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Progressive Era Movements 1890s–1920s Business Groups and Trade Associations National Association of Manufacturers, 1895 Trade Association A professional organization that represents the interests of members of a particular industry

13. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Formed Scoop08, national student newspaper Organized college and high school students as reporters Student Profile: Alexander Heffner and Andrew Magino

14. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement New Politics Mass Movements in the Modern Era Antiwar movement began in the 1950s After 1965, new groups protesting the war in Vietnam Highest point of unrest since the Civil War Vietnam and the Antiwar Movement

15. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement New Politics Mass Movements in the Modern Era New goals after gaining the right to vote Workplace discrimination a major issue Civil Rights act of 1964 Equal Rights Amendment never ratified The Women’s Rights Movement: The Second Wave

16. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement New Politics Mass Movements in the Modern Era Raid on Stonewall Bar led to riots, activism Several groups now exist to advocate gay rights Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Gay Rights Movement

17. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement New Politics: Mass Movements in the Modern Era Moral Majority founded in 1979 Christian Coalition formed to replace it in 1989 to promote “family values” Influential in setting agendas in state voting Conservative Christian Groups

18. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement New Politics: Mass Movements in the Modern Era Personal contact and speeches during the Revolutionary era Later social movements often centered in churches Use of technology now a major factor Older and Newer Mobilization Tactics

19. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Theory Versus Practice Espionage Act, 1917 Sedition Act, 1918 McCarthy hearings, in the period of the Red Scare Free Association and Expression Versus National Security

20. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Theory Versus Practice September 11 and the Patriot Act PATRIOT Act made law October, 2001 Government given much greater power in many areas Supporters argue that it is necessary to fight terrorism.

21. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Theory versus Practice Freedom, Activism, and Public Opinion

22. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement The Age of Apathy? Are Americans becoming less involved in politics, or just changing the ways in which they participate? In 1995, Sidney Verba, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry Brady find high level of political participation in the United States among young people. Robert Putnam’s Bowling Alone (2000) argues that we are increasingly a nation of isolated individuals.

23. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Robert Putnam argues that the level of social capital has steadily declined in the United States since WWII. Social Capital Democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations The Age of Apathy?

24. Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12: Civic and Political Engagement Currently, youth activism focuses on new issues. Many groups are grassroots, working from the state level. Pathways of Action: Youth Groups