2. Biology Homework for week of May 2 - 6 Mon Study Guide Evolution & Immunity Tues Review with Binder, Book or online Weds DC Meeting Core 40 Part 1 Lab 123 Th Core 40 Part 2 Lab 123 Fri P Slip Due Congratulations

3. NameMy pts Pts Poss. Tot “ My Pts ” TPP Gra de 15 Human Origins 20341 16 Evolution Quiz 49390 Today’s Goal: Reinforce Genetics. Locate your Core 40 Study Guide.

4. Today’s Goal: Reinforce Genetics. 1. Locate your Core 40 Study Guide.

5. Visitor Home Inning 123456789 Total Home First Third Second Outs Core 40 Test Practice

6. Visitor Home Inning 123456789 Total Home First Third Second Outs Batter Up!

7. GENETICS Review

8. DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis DNA and Proteins Mendel Genetics Complex Inheritance

9. Section 3 Check Any change in DNA sequences is called a _______. Question 1 D. translation C. transcription B. mutation A. replication The answer is B. IN: 1.24

10. Section 3 Check Which is more serious, a point mutation or a frameshift mutation? Why? Question 2 Answer A frameshift mutation is more serious than a point mutation because it disrupts more codons than a point mutation. IN: 1.24

11. Two heterozygous gold marigolds are crossed. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring? Gold is completely dominant over red. A. all red B. all gold C. 1 gold : 1 red D. 3 gold : 1 red

12. A salamander lost a portion of its leg in a fight. What molecule contained all the information necessary to make a new leg? A. protein B. DNA C. thymine D. lipid

13. Which of the following statements about mutations is true? A. Mutations are always harmful to the individual. B. Mutations can be important to the evolution of a species. C. Mutations that occur in gametes are NOT passed on to future generations. D. Mutations that occur in somatic cells are passed on to the future generations.

14. You’ve been hired as a genetic counselor for Bates hospital. Your first clients are the parents of a child with Phenylketonuria, PKU. The PKU gene is located on chromosome #12. Individuals with PKU are missing an enzyme needed for metabolism. They can develop severe mental retardation if untreated. The parents do NOT have PKU and neither do their other two children.

15. The parents want to know how their child got PKU. Which of the following is the best response? A. Both the parents carry 2 alleles for PKU which were passed on to the child. B. Both the parents carry 1 allele for PKU which was passed on to the child. C. One parent carries an allele for PKU which was passed on to the child. D. Neither parent carries an allele for PKU, so the child must have gotten it some other way.

16. Which of the following statements about PKU is true? A. PKU is caused by the environment. B. PKU is a sex-linked disorder. C. PKU is a dominant disorder. D. PKU is a recessive disorder.

17. British scientist Ronald Fisher stated, “Mendelism supplied the missing parts of the structure erected by Darwin.” Explain what Fisher meant by this…..

18. Mutations that occur in gametes _______. A. may be passed to offspring. B. occur during mitosis. C. occur during fertilization. D. are usually fatal.

19. The genetic code is carried in DNA molecules through the sequence of…. A. bases B. sugars C. helicases D. phosphates

20. Mutations that occur in body cells are passed to…… A. gamete cells. B. somatic cells. C. female offspring. D. male offspring.

21. Who is the “Father of Genetics”? Gregor Mendel When 2 alleles DON’T BLEND but BOTH SHOW TOGETHER like in A B blood type, it is called _______________ codominance

22. Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is called ___________________. _____________ is the study of how characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next. heredity Genetics

23. __________________ = An allele that IS MASKED BY the presence of another allele RECESSIVE The appearance of an organism is its _____________ phenotype

24. Another name for heterozygous hybrid The diagram at the right is called a _____________ Punnett square

25. __________________ = An allele that MASKS the presence of another allele Red and white flowers producing pink offspring is an example of _______________________ Codominance incomplete dominance DOMINANT Incomplete dominance

26. A recessive gene is represented by a _________________ letter. lower case What phenotypic ratio would you expect to see in offspring from a monohybrid cross of 2 heterozygous parents? 3:1 Dominant:recessive

27. _______________ are different gene choices for a trait. ALLELES

28. A dominant gene is represented by a ____________ letter. (usually the first letter of the trait) capital When a heterozygous individual shows a blending of 2 alleles instead of one being dominant over the other it is called ___________ ____________. Incomplete dominance

29. When both alleles in the pair are the SAME the organism is _______________ or __________ 9:3:3:1 HOMOZYGOUS PURE What phenotype ratio is a clue that there has been a dihybrid cross between 2 heterozygous parents?

30. R = red flowers r = white flowers Red pink An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ______________ flowers if this trait was CODOMINANT. BOTH red & white

31. What are Mendel’s 2 laws of heredity? Law of Segregation Law of Independent Assortment F1F1 The offspring of the P 1 generation are called the ____ generation

32. Explain and Give an example of a trait that shows incomplete dominance flower color in Four o’clocks True; Type O is the universal donor TRUE or FALSE A person with Type O blood could be a blood donor for a person with Type AB blood.

33. When both alleles in the pair are DIFFERENT the organism is _________________ or _____________ HETEROZYGOUS HYBRID monohyrid A cross that involves only 1 trait is called a ____________ cross.

34. T = Tall t = short The genotype of the offspring from the cross at the right is _________. Their phenotype is _________. Tt tall

35. Which of the following genotypes is homozygous? TT Ww Bb rr mm BB Tt TT rr mm BB pure Another name for homozygous is ________.

36. Which of these Punnett squares would you use to predict the offspring of a DIHYBRID cross? This one!

37. In the cross at the right __________ is dominant for flower color. red Tt Mm Rr Which of the following genotypes is from a heterozygous organism? Tt SS bb Mm Rr kk

38. A gene is a segment of _______ that codes for a trait. DNA meiosis The Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment are the result of the movement of chromosomes during ___________ mitosis meiosis

39. The Punnett square below shows a ___________ cross. homozygous monohybrid dihybrid test dihybrid

40. Crossing a red haired horse with a white haired horse produces a roan colored horse. (Both alleles for hair color show together). This kind of inheritance is called ___________________ Co-dominance

41. What type of genotype is used to make a test cross? Homozygous recessive BT bt bT Bt What type of gametes can this organism produce? BbTt ______ ______ _______ _______

42. In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). If a black Guinea pig is crossed with a brownGuinea pig and the litter contains a brown baby, the genotype of the black parent is probably BBBb bb Bb; Must have one B to be black must have one b to pass on to baby

43. Which of these Punnett squares would you use to predict the offspring of a MONOHYBRID cross? This one!

44. Crossing individuals from the P 1 generation produces the ____ generation. F1F1 DNA A gene is a segment of ______. DNA PROTEIN RNA CARBOHYDRATE

45. L = Blue legs l = yellow legs Blue green An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ______________ legs if this trait was CODOMINANT. BOTH Blue & yellow

46. Crossing individuals from the F 1 generation produces the ____ generation. F2F2 A person with this type of blood could DONATE to Type __________blood A or AB

47. In a monohybrid cross of two HETEROZYGOUS parents (Pp), you would expect the offspring to be: 1 pp:3 PP 3 Pp:1 pp 1 PP:2 Pp:1 ppall Pp

48. The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Heterozygous If G is dominant for green pods and g is recessive for yellow pods, what percentage of the offspring will have green pods? _______% 75 GGGg gg G g G g

49. Bb B b The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______ bb The offspring in the blue box is homozygous heterozygous homozygous

50. Bb B b In guinea pigs black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). The Punnett square for a cross between a HETEROZYGOUS black guinea pig and a PURE brown guinea pig would look like This is the Correct setup Heterozygous = Bb Pure brown = bb BB b b Bb b b Bb B B Another name for pure is _________________ homozygous

51. What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) Red throats (R) are dominant over white (r) throats in Goonie birds. Make a cross between a PURE RECESSIVE and a HETEROZYGOUS Goonie bird. 50% red throats 50% white throats Rr rr R r r

52. What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) Black eyes (B) are dominant over red eyes (b) in rats. Make a cross between two HETEROZYGOUS rats. 75 % black eyes 25% red eyes B b B b BB Bb Bb bb

53. The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous If W is dominant for long wings and w is recessive for short wings, what percentage of these offspring will have short wings? _______% 0% only ww makes it short

54. Who is the “Father of Genetics”? Gregor Mendel Which of the following genotypes could be from a HETEROZYGOUS organism? TT Rr Ww bb XX Ss Rr Ww Ss

55. What kind of cross is this? Pure dominant X pure recessive Heterozygous X heterozygous Heterozygous X homozygous Hybrid recessive X hybrid pure Heterozygous X Homozygous Another name for heterozygous is _______________ hybrid

56. What is the probability the offspring will have straight tails? In Reebops curly tails (T) are dominant over straight tails (t). Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT and a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE Reebop. 0% All will be Curly tailed (Tt) Tt Tt Tt T T t

57. What do we call the offspring of the F 1 generation? F2F2 Which of the following genotypes could be from a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE organism? TT bbRr Ww tt XX aa bb tt aa

58. Aa A a The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______ homozygous heterozygous heterozygous How many of the offspring from this cross will show the dominant characteristic? ¾ (75%) – AA and Aa

59. Gg G GGGg g gg G is dominant for green pods. g is recessive for yellow pods. What is the genotype of the offspring in the shaded box? Gg What is the phenotype of the offspring in the shaded box? Green pods

60. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? Genotype determines phenotype Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Genotype is the way the genes make you look. Organisms with different genotypes can have the same phenotype. T T F T Tt and TT both look tall

61. What are the 3 different kinds of inheritance you learned about? Dominant/recessive Incomplete dominance Co-dominance Offspring of the P 1 generation are called ______ F 1

62. Which of the following crosses would you expect to see a 9:3:3:1 ratio in the offspring? SSYY X ssyy SsYy X SsYy ssYY X SSyy SsYy X SsYy 9:3:3:1 ratio is seen in dihybrid crosses

63. What will the offspring be like? (% and color) Purple (P)is the dominant color for monsters. Yellow is recessive (p). Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS purple and a yellow monster. 100% purple Pp P P p

64. What genotype would a PURPLE dad have to be to make a yellow monster baby with a Purple (Pp) mom monster? Pp ? ? pp Pp Dad needs to have: a little p to give one to the baby a big P to be purple himself

65. What process makes mRNA from DNA A. Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. Mutations

66. What process makes What process makes protein from mRNA A. Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. Mutations

67. Each mRNA codon specifies a(n) A. amino acid B. mutation C. DNA segment D. stop message