1. Characterisation of the mean and time dependent properties of inclined oil-in- water pipe flows using 4-sensor probes G. Lucas and Xin Zhao University of Huddersfield, UK

2. Local oil volume fraction and local oil vector velocity vs time From an array of seven 4-sensor probes (sampling interval =0.05s) (Qw=16.4m3/hr; Qo = 6 m3/hr; inclination angle = 45°) Oil volume fraction given by colour scale, 2-D velocity vector is given by black arrow Click here to view the animation

3. Characterisation of time dependent flows by investigating standard deviation of flow phenomena over different time windows Time window T k given by

4. Standard deviation of oil axial velocity (Vz) fluctuations versus k for top 6 probes (Qw=16.4, Qo=6, theta=45 degrees) Experimental data ‘Time window’ 0.05 seconds ‘Time window’ 0.8 seconds ‘Time window’ 25.6 seconds

5. Standard deviation of oil cross-pipe velocity (Vy) fluctuations versus k for top 6 probes (Qw=16.4, Qo=6, theta=45 degrees) Experimental data ‘Time window’ 0.05 seconds ‘Time window’ 0.8 seconds ‘Time window’ 25.6 seconds

6. Local oil volume fraction and oil velocity vector vs time from Nottingham model using a sampling interval of 0.05s (Qw=16.4m3/hr; Qo = 6 m3/hr; inclination angle = 45°) Data taken from numerical model at a distance of 0.9L from inlet where L is the modelled pipe length - and at positions corresponding to the seven four-sensor probes used in the equivalent experiment at the same flow conditions. Oil volume fraction given by colour scale, 2-D velocity vector is given by black arrow Click here to view the animation

7. Standard deviation of oil axial velocity (Vz) fluctuations versus k from Notttingham model (at positions corresponding to 7 probes used in experiments) Qw=16.4, Qo=6, inclination=45 degrees ‘Time window’ 0.05 seconds ‘Time window’ 0.8 seconds ‘Time window’ 25.6 seconds

8. Standard deviation of oil cross-pipe velocity (Vy) fluctuations versus k from Notttingham model (at positions corresponding to 7 probes used in experiments) Qw=16.4, Qo=6, inclination=45 degrees ‘Time window’ 0.05 seconds ‘Time window’ 0.8 seconds ‘Time window’ 25.6 seconds