1. The movement direction selection function JI JUNKAI 2014.11.28

3. Koch, Poggio and Torre

4. Retinal Ganglion Cells

8. X' 2 X 3 X' 4

9. ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪ ① ⓪ ① ⓪ ⓪ X 2 X 3 X 4 X' 2 X' 3 X' 4 ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ T ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪

10. X' 2 X 3 X' 4 ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ① ① ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ T ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪

11. Training and simulation A

12. B

13. C

14. 2000 Dendritic Computation of Direction Selectivity by Retinal Ganglion Cells. Science. 2001 Auditory Spatial Receptive Fields Created by Multiplication. Science. 2004 Directionally selective calcium signals in dendrites of starburst amacrine cells. Nature. 2004 Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming- sensitive neron. 2014 A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal ganglion cells to the primary visual cortex 2014 Processing properties of ON and OFF pathways for Drosophila motion detection

15. 环状结构解决信号顺逆时针问题

16. 非邻位方向识别

17. ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪ ① ⓪ ① ⓪ ⓪ X 2 X 3 X 4 X' 2 X' 3 X' 4 ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪ ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① T ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪

18. X' 2 X 3 X' 4 ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ① ① ① ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① T ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪

19. ABC

20. 反向训练，解决信号静止问题

21. X' 2 X 3 X' 4 ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ① ① ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ T ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ① ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ⓪ ① ⓪

22. X1X1 X2X2 X3X3 X5X5 X4X4 X 12 X6X6 X7X7 X8X8 X 10 X9X9 X 11 Y1Y1 Y2Y2 Y3Y3 Y4Y4 Y5Y5 Y6Y6 Y7Y7 Y8Y8