1. Is Seeing Believing? Red and Purple Drinks. To experience the effects of sight and smell on your ability to identify and distinguish the taste of foods and beverages. April 1, 2015

2. Background Humans have five senses: taste, smell, touch, sight, and sound. All of the senses are important when eating. Think about eating a potato chip — first you see the chip (maybe you notice if it has any dark/ burnt spots?). Next you touch it (maybe you notice if it’s greasy?) or if it’s thick?).

3. Then, as you bring the chip to your mouth, you smell it (maybe you smell the seasoning?) or the oil it was fried or baked in?). Then you eat it and hear the crunch of the chip, and you probably also taste the saltiness (maybe you also experience some additional flavor?). Imagine if any one of these experiences was missing — would a chip be the same if you didn’t hear it crunch in your mouth?

4. Eating or Drinking When your familiar with a specific food or drink you expect the taste. You will be asked to taste test two beverages and rate them on how sweet, sour, and intense the flavor the flavor.

5. Procedures 1.Tasted two beverage samples and rated the intensity of each attribute on the 9-point scale. 2. Fill in the data sheets with your scores for each attribute. (1=Not sweet at all, 9=Extremely sweet). 3. Calculate averages (means) and standard deviations.

6. 2 Ballots per Student Copy the data sheet into your lab book

7. Data Sheet StudentRed Beverage Sweetness ONLY Purple Beverage Sweetness ONLY 1 2 3 4 21 Mean(x) Standard Deviation Put data up on board and copy into your lab book. Calculate the Mean (x) and Standard Deviation for the sweetness ONLY (1=Not sweet at all, 9=Extremely sweet).

8. Conclusion Questions: 1.Did you rate the sweetness levels of the two beverages differently? 2.Did other members of the class rate the sweetness about the same? 3.What about the sour or fruit flavor? 4.What affected your rating? 5.What other changes could be made to the beverages that would affect the ratings? Sample SD calculation on the next slides.

9. Sample Calculation of Standard Deviation

10. Standard Deviation The Standard Deviation is a measure of how spread out numbers are. Its symbol is σ (the greek letter sigma) The formula is easy: it is the square root of the Variance. So now you ask, "What is the Variance?” Variance is the average of the squared differences from the Mean.

11. Sample Calculation Standard Deviation = √(1/N * ((X1-X) 2 +(X2-X) 2 + (X3-X) 2 + (X4-X) 2 + (X5-X) 2 + (X6-X) 2 ) N= total number of students X1= rating for student #1 X= Mean(average) Example Standard Deviation Calculation: Red Beverage Standard Deviation = √((1/6)*(7-7) 2 + (8-7) 2 + (7-7) 2 + (7-7) 2 + (6-7) 2 + (7-7) 2 = √((1/6)*((0) 2 + (1) 2 + (0) 2 + (0) 2 + (-1) 2 + (0) 2 ) = √((1/6)*(2)) = 0.577 This is a low SD that means the value are not spread out. A smaller SD means greater consistancy, predictability, and quality