1. 21 –23 Feb 2005NORM Workshop 2005 Controlling Exposures Brett Young

2. 21 –23 Feb 2005NORM Workshop 2005 Hierarchy of Controls Managing HS&E Risks Elimination Substitution Engineering Isolation Administration PPE Managing Exposures to NORM PPE –Disposable overalls, gloves, boots –≥ P3 respirator Administration –Systems of work, training, duration Isolation –Distance, shielding, designated disposal Engineering –Decontamination facilities, Use of high grade steel Elimination & Substitution –Scale inhibitors, water chemistry

3. 21 –23 Feb 2005NORM Workshop 2005 Relying on Systems and PPE LTIF Performance 1986 – YTD 2005

4. 21 –23 Feb 2005NORM Workshop 2005 2004 Health Performance (PDO only)

5. 21 –23 Feb 2005NORM Workshop 2005 Potential problems with future approach Costs of production increasing –Reduce costs e.g. use of lower grade steel, reduced scale inhibition Fields getting older - well pressures decreasing Increased production water (> 95% H 2 0 in some wells) EOR - Water re-injection –Taking water from shallow aquifers (SO 4 > 2000 ppm) potentially creating barite (more scale) Mixing water chemistry  Increased scale over time NORM now found in all of our Assets and increasing future costs

6. 21 –23 Feb 2005NORM Workshop 2005 We need to be innovative? We need to sell Health to Engineers, Senior Management and the Contracting Community Inclusion of the costs associated with: –loss of plant, cleaning, interim storage, disposal, ongoing training, purchasing/maintenance of meters, writing/reviewing systems, PPE etc We need to be systematic to the point of including the cost of NORM into production costs We need to elaborate on hidden costs

7. 21 –23 Feb 2005NORM Workshop 2005 Interim Measures Combination controls based on risk External risks - Dose –Estimating/recording doses in NRS attached to PTW –Establishing annual dose limits for workers –Setting Action Limits for further investigation –Proposed strategic surveys of Assets –Introduction of ‘what/how to do” documents –TLD Badge management for high risk job types Internal risks – Inhalation of particles –Blanket policy to conduct measurements on all potentially contaminated plant –Systems & Training –Use of RPE/PPE

8. 21 –23 Feb 2005NORM Workshop 2005 Respiratory Protection PDO recommends P3 3M8835 (PF = 20) No data/experience when to increase RPE level of protection 1 Bq/g - effective internal dose = 97 uSv/2000 hrs Problem with bearded workers, climate and training Recommend PAPR for bearded workers and for hot work Air fed hoods for tank cleaners (based on VOC, particles) Proposal to conduct PBZ measurements of workers e.g. hoists during workovers, sludge farms, tank cleaning, hot work and workshops. Monitoring respirable particles in PBZ (< 5 um)

9. 21 –23 Feb 2005NORM Workshop 2005 Where should PDO be targeting its resources? Better understanding of wells –What should we look for in the water chemistry? –Reduction of scale in plant (barite or others)? –Specific inhibitors PDO could be investigating? –Precipitate of radium out in scales? Is chlorine a key? What are other organisations doing? How to reduce the amount of contaminated sludge in tanks/vessels/separators?

10. 21 –23 Feb 2005NORM Workshop 2005 Questions What are other E&P organisations doing? Are we all going down the same path?