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9.2 Notes Depressants, Stimulants, Club Drugs
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Objectives Name and classify the commonly abused drugs
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Depressants Alcohol Barbiturates Tranquilizers Glue Sniffing
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Alcohol (ethyl alcohol) Most widely used and abused drug in the US A $40 billion industry Acts to suppress the CNS by affecting the brain’s control of thought and muscle coordination Causes the user to display a wide variety of extreme behaviors
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Barbiturates Downers Five well-known derivatives include barbitals (amo, seco, pheno, pento, buta) Yellow jackets, blue devils Quaalude (methaqualone) Non-barbiturate depressant acts as a sedative and muscle relaxant
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Tranquilizers Produce relaxation Does not impair higher order thinking Reserpine and chlorpromazine used with mental patients to reduce anxiety Miltown, Librium and Valium Can cause both dependencies with repeated high dosages
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Glue Sniffing Contain volatile or gaseous substances that act on the CNS Toluene is solvent of choice Others include naphtha, methyl ethyl ketone, gasoline, and trichloroethylene Produce slurred speech, euphoria, impaired judgment, double vision Not physically addicting it damages liver, heart, brain and can cause death
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Stimulants Amphetamine Cocaine Club Drugs
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Amphetamines Stimulates the CNS Called uppers or speed Increased alertness Decreases fatigue Causes loss of appetite Most serious abuse is meth by IV injection Evaporated form called ice, which is smoked Other drugs similar are used for weight control Phenmetrazine and Phendimetrazine
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Cocaine Extracted from leaves of coca plant (erythrooxylon) Original use was painkiller or anesthetic Replaced by procaine and lidocaine Sniffed or snorted Crack = Cocaine mixed w/ baking soda & water, then heated & dried
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Cocaine Stimulates alertness, energy, euphoria As levels drop, causes depression, anxiety, and pleasurelessness Only a small percentage are ever cured of habit Can cause cardiac arrest, seizures, respiratory arrest ¾ of the total cocaine smuggled into the US comes from labs located in Columbia, SA Growers are paid $200 for leaves to make 1 lb Refined it will bring $1000 Street value will be $20,000
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Club Drugs Synthetic used at nightclubs, bars and raves Ecstasy (MDMA) Popular at rave scenes Original patented as a appetite suppressant
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Club Drugs cont GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate) Rohypnol (roofies) CNS depressants Used for date rape and robbery Cause dizziness, sedation, headache, nausea, and loss of memory Ketamine Used as animal anesthetic but causes euphoria in humans Methamphetamine
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