1. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Biogeochemistry & Climate Primary Source: IPCC WG-I Chapter 7 - Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry

2. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Pre-industrial: ~ 280 ppm Sources: 1.Fossil fuels 2.Cement production 3. Deforestation 4. Biomass burning 75% Sinks: 1.Rock weathering 2.Plant sediments 3.Ocean uptake 4.Plant growth

3. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Evidence for Anthropogenic? Carbon Isotopes Carbon Isotopes O 2 depletion O 2 depletion Gradient between NH & SH hemispheresGradient between NH & SH hemispheres

4. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) The Global Carbon Cycle (Black: pre-industrial “natural”Red: 1990s anthropogenic)

5. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) CO 2 Sources and Sinks

6. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Ocean Carbon Pumps

7. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Ocean Sources & Sinks of CO 2

8. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Time Variability of CO 2 Sources & Sinks

9. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Removal Rates for Added CO 2 Within 30 yr: ~ 50%  Within few C: ~ 80% 

10. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) CO 2 Emissions vs. Removal Actual amount All into atmosphere Cooler temps? More diffuse solar radiation? Effect of Mt. Pinatubo?

11. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Methane (CH 4 ) Sources and Sinks

12. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) The Reactive Gases

13. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Methane (CH 4 ) NOAA Global Monitoring Division (GMD) Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiments (AGAGE) Sources: 1.Biogenic: -Wetlands -Rice -Biomass burning -Ruminants 2.Fossil fuel mining and distribution 3. Living vegetation? Mt. Pinatubo? Economic Incentives? Warm 1998? Average Lifetime: ~ 8 yr. 70 + %

14. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Aerosol Effects Scientific understanding is low (or less)

15. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)  Net Radiation (at TOA): Present - Pre-industrial - 4 0

16. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)  Precipitation: Present - Pre-industrial

17. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) Remove Aerosols? Constant GHG Aerosol = 0 Constant GHG Constant Aerosol

18. (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7) END Biogeochemistry & Climate