1. A TEMPERATURE REGULATED ORGANIC CARBON CAPACITOR ON EARTH’S SURFACE Gerald R. Dickens Rice University (and Nemanja Komar, Benjamin Slotnick, Christopher Hollis, Richard Zeebe )

3. Glomar Challenger

4. Lower Paleogene DSDP Site 577 [Dickens & Backman, News. Strat., 2013]

5. [ Hollis et al., 2004 ] ~100m Mead Stream, New Zealand

6. Late Paleocene- Early Eocene Carbon Isotope Records [Slotnick et al., Journal of Geology, 2012]

7. PETM at Mead Stream, New Zealand [Nicolo et al., Paleoceanography, 2010]

8. Ocean AtmosphereBiosphere Volcanoes  Vol = -5.0 F Vol = 0.072 Weathering  Weat = -22 F Weat = 0.12 Rivers  Riv = 0.0 F Riv = 0.408 Inputs  In = -5.0 F In = 0.60 Organics  Org = -28.5 = 0.13 Carbonate = 1.5 = 0.47 Outputs  Out = -5.0 F Out = 0.60 F Org  Carb F  Ex = -1.45 M Ex = 56000  Bio = -28.5 M Bio = 3400  Atm = -7 M Atm = 1400  Oc = 0.5 M Oc = 51200 Anthropogenic  Ant = -30.0 F Ant = 8.00 A Carbon Input to the Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle [adapted from Kump & Arthur, Chem. Geol., 1999 ]

9. Exogenic Composition,  Ex (‰) 0 -2 -3 -4 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 0100200 300 Time (kyr) 0100200 300 Time (kyr) Carbon Injection, M Ex (Gt) Theoretical Carbon Inputs for Rapid, Global Negative  13 C Excursions  Add = -60 ‰  Add = -5 ‰  Add = -22 ‰  Add = -5 ‰  Add = -60 ‰  Add = -22 ‰ [ Dickens, Geol. Soc. London, 2001 ] IPCC

10. Ken Caldeira

11. Dickens, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 2000

12. Zachos et al., Proc ODP Inti. Repts., 208, 2004 PETM at Walvis Ridge

13. [ Hollis et al., 2004 ] Predicted Change in Pacific Dissolved Oxygen by AD 2680 [ Matear & Hirst, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2003 ] (  mol/km 3 )

14. [Nicolo et al., Paleoceanography, 2010] PETM at Mead Stream

15. [ IPCC, 2007 ]

16. [Slotnick et al., Journal of Geology, 2012]

17. Figure 7.3: Global Carbon Cycle [ IPCC, 2007 ]

18. A Simple Capacitor for Global Carbon Isotope Excursions Seafloor Methane (Peat/Permafrost) [ adapted from Dickens, EPSL, 2003 ]

19. [ Dickens and Backman, News. Strat., 2013 ] Carbon Storage (long-term) Carbon Release (long-term & short-term) Carbon Isotope Records at DSDP Site 577

20. Sulfur Isotopes (Correct Age) [original sulfur data from Paytan et al., 1996]

21. Gas Hydrate, AOM and Sulfur Cycling [ Snyder et al., Deep-Sea Res., 2007 ] 12 CH 4 + SO 4 2- ---> H 12 CO 3 - + HS - + H 2 O 2CH 2 O ---> 12 CH 4 + 13 CO 2

22. Alkalinity (HCO3-) SO 4 2- Solid S [ Snyder et al., Deep-Sea Res., 2007 ]

23. Welcome to the Dark Side: Lee’s Paleogene Machine [Dickens, Climate of Past, 2011]

24. [ Komar et al., Paleoceanography, in press ] Long-term Model Results

25. [ Hancock et al., 2007 ] DSDP Site 259 (Indian Ocean)

26. [ Expedition 346 Scientists, 2014 ]

27. Back to the Future? Absolutely. The Eocene is forcing future science forward.