1. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 CONFORM COnstruction of a Nonscaling FFAG for Oncology Research and Medicine Professor Roger Barlow Manchester University and the Cockcroft Institute on behalf of the CONFORM project Project Open day 24 th June 2010

2. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 Accelerators The LHC is the best-known particle accelerator But not a typical one

3. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 Accelerators at work More than 15,000 accelerators are in use worldwide. More than 97% of these accelerators are commercial Diagnosing and treating cancer Creation of ceramics, insulators, and plastics. Locating oil and minerals in the earth Processing semiconductor chips for computers Sterilizing medical equipment and food products Determining the age of materials through radiocarbon dating

4. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 The Accelerator Industry IPAC 2010 accelerator conference 75 industrial exhibitors – paying ¥300,000+ each

5. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 BASROC The British Accelerator Science Radiation and Oncology Consortium A group from industry and academia dedicated to furthering accelerator development in the UK – for hadron therapy and other purposes. Faraday partnership for RF had a lot of input to the process Put together a successful £8M project bid to the “Basic Technology” scheme. Started 3 years ago – 1 year to run. Aim: to develop the technology of the nsFFAG

6. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 Accelerators: Linear v. Circular Repeated kicks enable the accelerator to be more compact Magnetic fields bend particles into circles Electric fields accelerate particles

7. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 Types of Circular Accelerator As particles get faster it is harder to bend them Cyclotron: circle radius increases Limits: Large, solid magnet Low energy Rate of acceleration limited as only one cavity Synchrotron: magnetic field increases Limits: Low currents (~ 1 bunch at a time) Magnet current keeps changing Rate of acceleration limited: magnet needs time to respond

8. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 The FFAG Like cyclotron but magnetic field increases further out Like synchrotron but magnetic field increases because the particle moves, not because the current changes “Fixed Field”

9. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 FFAG: the advantages Pro: Delivers high currents and high energies Magnets smaller (beats cyclotron) and fixed current (beats synchrotron) Can accelerate fast – many cavities, no field limit Con: Complicated shape of magnetic field – can be solved Gentle change of field means large (~1 meter) pipe

10. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 The nsFFAG It enables you to keep the tune constant To preserve “scaling”. Trajectories are the same shape at all energies, just differing in size. Suppose you move through the resonances so fast that they didn’t have time to build up The number of wiggles about the orbit that a particle makes in a turn If it is ever integer, the beam will be killed by resonances. When the kick from any imperfection acts at the same point on each cycle. What is a “resonance”? Why must that be constant? What’s the “tune”? Why is that important? Why must the field variation be gentle?

11. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 The non-scaling FFAG Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead! Use many cavities to accelerate fast Bad patches (=resonances=integer tunes) come and go before effects have a chance to build up Can have narrow beam pipe with magnetic field increasing steeply across it This gives us a compact high energy high current simple cheap reliable type of proton accelerator – many applications/markets But does it work? Build a prototype to test the idea. Use electrons as they’re easier to handle. resonances

12. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 How do we get there? Build Protype electron nsFFAG Design Protype Proton nsFFAG Build Commercial Proton nsFFAG Build Protype Proton nsFFAG Talk to customers Build Protype electron nsFFAG Design Protype Proton nsFFAG Protype key parts of Proton nsFFAG Build Commercial Proton nsFFAGs Talk to customers Discover someone else has already cornered the market

13. The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger Barlow(Roger.Barlow@manchester.ac.uk) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 The rest of this afternoon EMMA – the prototype electron nsFFAG – Rob Edgecock PAMELA – design of a proton machine – Ken Peach Applications (1) Medical – Karen Kirkby and Mark Hill Applications (2) Energy – Bob Cywinski Opportunities for industry – Liz Towns-Andrews There are also posters and people across the corridor