1. Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering
Section 13-3 Cell Transformation

2. During Transformation
Cell Transformation
Key Concept:
During Transformation
A Cell Takes In DNA From Outside The Cell.
This External DNA Becomes Part Of The Cell’s DNA.

3. Transforming Bacteria
Plasmids
Found In Bacteria
Small Circular Pieces Of DNA
Has DNA Sequence That Functions As Origin For Replication
This ensure that once in the bacteria, it will be replicated

4. Transforming Bacteria
Plasmids (cont.)
Contains A Genetic Marker
A Gene That Labels The Bacteria As A Plasmid Carrier
For Example: Resistance To Antibiotics
Allows Transformed Cells To Be Identified

5. Transforming Bacteria

6. Transforming Plant Cells
Transform Bacteria With Plant Tumor Plasmid (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)
Scientists Inactivate Plant Tumor Gene
Insert Foreign DNA
Recombinant Plasmid Then Transforms Plant Cells

7. Transforming Plant Cells
Cultured Plant Cells With Cell Walls Removed Will Sometimes Absorb DNA
DNA May Be Injected Directly Into Plant Cells (Gene Gun)
Cells Then Grown Into Adult Plants

8. Transforming Plant Cells
Key Concept:
If Transformation Is Successful, The Recombinant DNA Is Integrated Into One Of The Chromosomes Of The Cell

9. Transforming Plant Cells

10. Transforming Animal Cells
Egg Cells Large Enough:
DNA Injected Into Nucleus
Enzymes Normally Responsible For DNA Repair & Recombination May Insert DNA Into Chromosomes

11. Transforming Animal Cells
Recombinant DNA Contains Markers Allowing Transformed Cells To Be Identified

12. Transforming Animal Cells
Scientists Can Knock Out Single Genes
Flanking Sequences In New DNA Can Remove A Host Cell Gene or Replace It With A New Gene

13. Knocking Out Genes