1. The Road to Confederation Reading Assignment Review

2. What is responsible government? Who recommended this reform was necessary in British North America? 0 Responsible government is a form of government in which a Cabinet, selected from a larger group of elected representatives, acts as the executive and makes decisions for which it is collectively responsible 0 Lord Durham recommended changes in governance in his Report on the Affairs of British North America (he was supported by Earl Gray Colonial Secretary) 0 He did this in response to the rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada

3. In your own words, explain the impact of responsible government with reference to Nova Scotia as an example. 0 The first election to apply the new policy of Responsible government was held in Nova Scotia in 1847 0 The people (based upon majority) had voted for the government that they wanted and that government now ran the province

4. Which groups were considered the ruling elite in Upper and Lower Canada? 0 Upper Canada- Family Compact 0 Lower Canada- Chateau Clique

5. What role did Louis-Joseph Papineau play in the rebellion of Lower Canada? 0 Papineau was a lawyer in Lower Canada (Quebec) 0 Reformer 0 Leader of the Parti Patriote 0 Ninety-two Resolutions (a list of political reforms) 0 Britain rejected all of them 0 Papineau rallied support for reform 0 Sparked the rebellion in Lower Canada

6. Read the Voices text box on page 161. What did Lord Durham suggest Britain do to quell any rebelliousness in her colonies? 0 Don’t change the principles of the government 0 Give colonists the rights held by British citizens 0 Allow responsible government 0 Unite Upper and Lower Canada 0 Assimilate the French

7. Who was the best-known reformer in Upper Canada? Why? 0 William Lyon MacKenzie 0 Newspaper editor 0 attacked the powers of the Family Compact in his newspaper 0 gained the support of many Upper Canadian colonists 0 He rallied a band of rebels to march on Toronto and overthrow the government in 1837

8. Explain the changes that came about with the Act of Union in 1841. 0 Upper and Lower Canada were united under a single Parliament 0 The colonies were now called Canada East (former Lower Canada) and Canada West (former Upper Canada) 0 The idea was to assimilate the French

9. Explain the changes that came about with the Act of Union in 1841. 0 English was made the official language of the colony 0 Each side was given an equal number of reps. In the government although the French -speaking population was much greater than the English- speaking population 0 Therefore the English-speaking colonists dominated the government

10. How did responsible government in 1848 change Britain’s role in relation to Canada? 0 Britain was still in control of military matters and foreign policy 0 it had a declining interest in local affairs

11. Explain the concept of representation by population. Why was it a political issue tied to the failure of the Act of Union? 0 Organizing a legislature so that each member represents approximately an equal number of people

12. Why was Maritime union important to eastern colonies? 0 Geographically the Maritimes were isolated from Canada 0 Union would give them greater political power within the British Empire

13. Explain the significance of the Charlottetown Conference in 1864. 0 This conference was held to explore the idea of union of all of BNA 0 They proposed this in response to the idea of Maritime Union 0 This was followed by the Quebec Conference in 1864 (blueprints for Confederation)

14. The people in a number of colonies opposed confederation? Give 2 reasons for this opposition. 0 Many felt the new country would be dominated by the Province of Canada 0 Would Atlantic colonies have a voice? 0 They also objected to the transfer of the right to regulate trade tariffs to the new federal government

15. Why is Canada considered a constitutional monarchy? 0 The monarch in Canada only has the powers that have been granted to him/her by our Constitution and laws

16. What are the 3 branches of Canada’s government? What is the role of each? 0 Legislative- make laws 0 Executive- run federal departments/ administration/ manage money 0 Judiciary-law enforcement and courts