1. The Henrician and Edwardian Reformation, Marian Reaction, and Elizabeth I Henry VIII held no Protestant convictions. He objected to papal control of the English Church not for doctrinal reasons, but because he believed that he should be its Supreme Head. In 1521 Henry VIII published a book in defense of the seven sacraments against the ideas of Martin Luther (in the actual writing he was helped by Sir Thomas More,) and willingly accepted from the Pope the reward of the title of "Defender of the Faith." Henry VIII held no Protestant convictions. He objected to papal control of the English Church not for doctrinal reasons, but because he believed that he should be its Supreme Head. In 1521 Henry VIII published a book in defense of the seven sacraments against the ideas of Martin Luther (in the actual writing he was helped by Sir Thomas More,) and willingly accepted from the Pope the reward of the title of "Defender of the Faith."

2. King Henry VII

3. Margaret Tudor [to Scotland], Henry VIII’s Sister

4. Arthur, Prince of Wales [1500] Young Henry VIII

5. Young Catherine of Aragon

6. Henry VIII [r. 1509- 1547]

7. Stained Glass Window of Catherine of Aragon

8. Mary I [28 years old]

9. Henry VIII’s CHildren 1510 Daughter - died 1511 Son - died 1513 Son - died 1514 Son - died 1516 Mary - survived 1518 Daughter - died 1533 Elizabeth - survived 1534 Son - died 1535 unknown - died 1536 Son - died 1537 Edward - survived

10. Henry Fitzroy (1519-36), Duke of Richmond (1525): Illegitimate Son of Henry VIII

11. Archbishop Thomas Cranmer

12. #1--Catherine of Aragon [1485-1536]

13. Henry VIII

14. The Henrician Reformation Catherine of Aragon bore one surviving child- Mary. Catherine was in her early 40s Henry asked Pope Clement VII (via Wolsey) for an annulment based on Lev. 18:16 & 20:21 –He fancied Anne Boleyn –C V (HRE) influenced Clement –NO ANNULMENT Catherine of Aragon bore one surviving child- Mary. Catherine was in her early 40s Henry asked Pope Clement VII (via Wolsey) for an annulment based on Lev. 18:16 & 20:21 –He fancied Anne Boleyn –C V (HRE) influenced Clement –NO ANNULMENT

15. Henrician Reformation The Reformation Parliament (1529-36) and the twisting of the Papal arm –Charged English Clergy with praemunire –"Submission of the Clergy" (May 1531) –Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates (1532) –Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533) –January 1533, Henry VIII married the pregnant Anne Boleyn, and in May Cranmer dutifully declared the marriage to Catherine invalid. A daughter, Elizabeth, was born in September 1533. The Reformation Parliament (1529-36) and the twisting of the Papal arm –Charged English Clergy with praemunire –"Submission of the Clergy" (May 1531) –Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates (1532) –Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533) –January 1533, Henry VIII married the pregnant Anne Boleyn, and in May Cranmer dutifully declared the marriage to Catherine invalid. A daughter, Elizabeth, was born in September 1533.

16. Henrician Reformation 1534 Act of Supremacy stated simply that the English Monarch (in this case H8) was “the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England.”

19. #2--Anne Boleyn [1501- 1536]

20. Anne Boleyn Miniature

21. Queen Elizabeth I [1546]

22. Tower of London from the Air

23. Tower of London: The Bloody Tower

24. Tower Green [Where Anne Boleyn was Executed]

25. #3--Jane Seymour [1508- 1537]

26. “Baby” Edward VI

27. Henry VIII’s Family

28. Henry VIII Medallion: Head of the Church of England

29. Sir Thomas More, Lord Chancellor of England

30. Henry VIII

31. Thomas Cromwell

32. #4--Anne of Cleves [1515- 1557]

33. Anne of Cleves

34. Anne of Cleves Miniature Henry referred to Anne as “The mare of Flanders” and the union was over with very quickly. Hans Holbein, who painted and delivered the portrait of Anne to Henry was fired.

35. Henry VIII at Middle Age

36. #5--Katherine Howard [1525-1542]

37. Katherine Howard

38. Hampton Court [Where Katherine Howard Was Arrested]

39. #6--Katherine Parr [1512- 1548]

40. “Prayers and Meditations” authored by Katherine Parr

41. Katherine Parr

42. Henry’s Deathbed

43. Edward VI

44. Edward VI [r. 1547-1553]

45. The Edwardian Reformation Raised as a Protestant, E VI makes more concrete changes in English Church doctrine –Cranmer introduces the Book of Common Prayer (1549) (: /) –The Act of Uniformity 1549 (An Acte for the unyformytie of Service and Admynistracion of the Sacramentes throughout the Realme.) –All images in churches to be dismantled –Celibacy no longer required by clergy –Lady Jane Gray named as heir Raised as a Protestant, E VI makes more concrete changes in English Church doctrine –Cranmer introduces the Book of Common Prayer (1549) (: /) –The Act of Uniformity 1549 (An Acte for the unyformytie of Service and Admynistracion of the Sacramentes throughout the Realme.) –All images in churches to be dismantled –Celibacy no longer required by clergy –Lady Jane Gray named as heir

46. Lady Jane Grey “Ruled” England from July 10–19, 1553

47. Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary” [r. 1553 – 1558]

48. Philip II & Mary Tudor

49. The Marian, or, Catholic Reaction/Restoration 1 st Act of Parliament was to have H8’s marriage to her mother validated thus invalidating everything that followed. Cardinal (Pole) became Archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer’s fate) Married Philip II of Spain All who were found guilty of heresy were executed (Foxe’s Book of Martyrs) Mary dies, 1558, childless 1 st Act of Parliament was to have H8’s marriage to her mother validated thus invalidating everything that followed. Cardinal (Pole) became Archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer’s fate) Married Philip II of Spain All who were found guilty of heresy were executed (Foxe’s Book of Martyrs) Mary dies, 1558, childless

50. Elizabet h I, Queen at last! r. 1558 - 1603

51. Sir William Cecil

52. Queen Elizabeth I [1533- 1603]

53. Elizabeth I [1572]

57. Elizabeth I [1580]

58. Elizabeth I [1592]

60. Elizabeth I [1600]

61. Elizabeth I [1603]

62. Elizabethan Reformation Religion was number one problem –Hmmm, she could not be Catholic since the RCC considered her illegitimate. –She had witnessed the turmoil brought about by E VI’s doctrinal reforms. –1559 Reformation Bill Too harsh- does not pass –1558 Act of Supremacy –1558Act of Uniformity Religion was number one problem –Hmmm, she could not be Catholic since the RCC considered her illegitimate. –She had witnessed the turmoil brought about by E VI’s doctrinal reforms. –1559 Reformation Bill Too harsh- does not pass –1558 Act of Supremacy –1558Act of Uniformity

64. Map of the Spanish Armada Route

65. Mary of Guise James V of Scotland Mary of Scotland’s Parents

66. Young Mary Stuart

67. Mary, Queen of Scots

68. Mary Stuart in Captivity

69. Mary, Queen of Scots [Before Her Execution]

70. Execution of Mary of Scotland

71. Miniature of James I / VI

72. James I [r. 1603 - 1625]