1. 1 Chapter 05 Time Value of Money 2: Analyzing Annuity Cash Flows McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Introduction Time Value of Money calculations – Can deal with either single cash flows (Chapter 4) – or multiple cash flows over time (Chapter 5) 5-2

3. Future Value of Multiple Cash Flows Multiple cash flows – Regular, evenly-spaced Car loans and home mortgage loans Saving for retirement Companies paying interest on debt Companies paying dividends 5-3

4. Future Value – Several Cash Flows Concept: Compounding –Value in the future –Different cash flows paid in at different times... 5-4

5. Finding FV – Several Cash Flows Example... Assumptions –Invest $100 in one year (compounds for 3 years) –Invest $125 at end of year 2 (compounds for 2 years) –Invest $150 at end of year 3 (compounds for 1 year) –Interest rates: 7% – Solve for the FV in 4 years: – FV 4 – 100(1.07) 3 + 125 (1.07) 2 + 150 (1.07) 1 = $426.11 – or: solve for NPV then convert to a FV 5-5

6. Future Value – Level Cash Flows Concept: Compounding Also called “annuities” –Value in the future –Same cash flows paid in every period... 5-6

7. Finding FV – Level Cash Flows/Annuity Example... Assumptions: –Invest $100 at the end of each year for 5 years –Interest rates: 8% 5-7

8. Level Cash Flows Time Line Example... Level (same) Cash Flows Each Period 5-8

9. Future Value – Multiple Annuities Concept: Compounding – annuity equation to compute future value – two levels of cash flows To solve for multiple annuities, compute FV for each separately and add them together... 5-9

10. Finding FV – Multiple Annuities Example... Assumptions: –Invest $100 at end of years 1 - 3 at 8% –Invest $150 at end of years 4 - 5 at 8% – Solution: Use CF function and 0 CF for year 0, then convert the NPV to a FV – $690.66 5-10

11. Present Value of Multiple Cash Flows Multiple cash flows: – Car loans and home mortgage loans – Determining value of business opportunities 5-11

12. Present Value – Several Cash Flows Concept: Discounting –Value of future sum today –Different cash flows paid in at different times... 5-12

13. Finding PV – Several Cash Flows Example... Assumptions: –Deposit $100 today –Deposit $125 next year –Deposit $150 at end of year 2 –Interest rates: 7% 5-13

14. PV Several Cash Flows Time Line Example... 5-14

15. PV Several Cash Flows $150/ (1.07) 2 $0 / (1.07) 3 0 1 2 3 $100$125$150$0 $116.82 $131.02 $0.00 $125/(1.07) $347.84 5-15

16. Present Value – Level Cash Flows Concept: Discounting –Value of future sum today –Level cash flows paid in at different times Most loans set up with even payments throughout life of loan... 5-16

17. Finding PV – Level Cash Flows Example... Assumptions: –$100 payments at end of each year for 5 years –Interest rates: 8% per year 5-17

18. PV Level Cash Flows Time Line Example... 5-18

19. Present Value – Multiple Annuities Concept: Discounting –Changing level cash flows –Ex: Alex Rodriguez’s baseball contract... 5-19

20. PV – Multiple Annuities Example... Assumptions (Alex Rodriguez’s Contract): –$10 million signing bonus –$21 million per year from 2001 – 2004 –$25 million per year in 2005 and 2006 –$27 million per year in 2007 - 2010 –Interest rates: 8% per year Use CF function and solve for NPV 5-20

21. Perpetuity – Special Annuity Concept: Discounting –Stream of level cash flows paid forever –Preferred stocks are an example –Value of investment is present value of all future annuity payments... 5-21

22. Ordinary Annuities vs. Annuities Due Ordinary Annuity – Payment occurs at the end of each period Annuity Due – Payment occurs at the beginning of each period 5-22

23. Annuity Due Time Line Example Cash flows at beginning, not at end of period Five annuity-due cash flows basically same as payment today plus 4-year ordinary annuity Payments occur one period sooner than ordinary annuity -- earn extra period of interest... 5-23

24. Future Value of Annuity Due Concept: Compounding –Value of future sum today –Cash flows at beginning of each period... 5-24

25. Future Value of Annuity Due... – Assumptions: Assumes cash flows at the beginning of each period 5 annuity-due cash flows of $100 each – First cash flow compounds for 5 years – Last cash flow compounds for 1 year Interest rates: 8% 5-25

26. Present Value of Annuity Due Concept: Discounting –Today’s value of future sum –Cash flows at beginning of each period... 5-26

27. Present Value of Annuity Due... Assumptions: –Cash flows at beginning of period –5 annuity-due cash flows of $100 First cash flow paid today – not discounted Last cash flow discounted 4 years All cash flows discounted for one year less than ordinary annuity Interest rates: 8% 5-27

28. Compounding Frequency Used in situations that do not use yearly time periods – Semiannual bond payments – Quarterly stock dividends – Consumer loans – monthly payments 5-28

29. Effect of Compounding Frequency... Assumptions: –$100 deposit today –12% annual interest rate –Bank compounds interest at six months instead of end of year –Interest is earned on interest 5-29

30. EARS and APRS... Quoted, or nominal rate called annual percentage rate (APR) Rate that incorporates compounding called effective annual rate (EAR) Relationship between APR and EAR: 5-30

31. EARS vs. APR Example... – Assumptions: Borrow $100 today 12% annual interest rate APR: Loan compounds annually -- you pay 12.00% EARS: Loan compounds monthly -- you pay 12.68% – Formula to convert APR to EAR: 5-31

32. Annuity Loans Compares payments Compares implied interest rate 5-32

33. Finding Payments on Amortized Loan Concept: –Rearrange PV of annuity formula to solve for payment... 5-33

34. Payments on Amortized Loan Example... Assumptions: –Need $10,000 to buy car –Loan term: 4 years –Interest rate: 9% Use interest rate of 0.75 % (=9%/12) and 48 periods (=4 X 12) 5-34