1. Adaptation FIRST FIVE.  In the deep sea, some fish have larger eyes than others. Fish with larger eyes can see better. There is very little light.  Describe what caused the variation in fish eye size.  Describe the environmental pressure.  Describe what will happen to the small-eyed fish. Explain why.  Describe what will happen to the large-eyed fish. Explain why.

2. Catalyst  What caused the variation in fish eye size?  A mutation caused the variation in eye size.  What is the environmental pressure?  The environmental pressure is the amount of light.  Describe what will happen to the small-eyed fish. Explain why.  The small-eyed fish will live a shorter life and produce fewer offspring because they cannot see their predators or prey as well.  Describe what will happen to the large-eyed fish. Explain why.  The large-eyed fish will have a longer life and produce more offspring because they can see their food (prey) and their predators better. In the deep sea, some fish have larger eyes than others. Fish with larger eyes can see better. There is very little light.

3. Agenda  Exit Question and Catalyst Review  What Is an Adaptation?  Is This an Adaptation?  Planet Earth  Exit Question HOMEWORK: Adaptations worksheet Skittles Lab due Friday (Answer ALL questions in COMPLETE SENTENCES!)

4. Objective By the end of today, all SWBAT…  Describe whether or not a trait is an adaptation

5. Key Point Wrap-Up  KP #1: A mutation is a change in DNA sequence Fitness = ability to survive and produce offspring Variation = changes or differences  KP #2: Environmental pressures cause some organisms to survive better than others.  KP #3: Natural selection is survival of the fittest. Mutations that increase fitness become more common. Mutations that decrease fitness become less common.

6. EQ In the tropical jungle, some monkeys have longer arms than others. The longer-armed monkeys are more successful at climbing trees for food than the shorter-armed monkeys.  What caused the variation in monkeys’ arm length?  A mutation caused the variation in the monkeys’ arm length.  What is the environmental pressure?  The environmental pressure is the height of the trees.  Explain what will happen to the shorter-armed monkeys.  The shorter-armed monkeys will not be able to get food as well, so they will have a shorter life and reproduce less. They are not good competitors in their environment.  Explain what will happen to the longer-armed monkeys.  The longer-armed monkeys will easily be able to get their food, so they will have a longer life and will be able to reproduce more offspring with the same gene!

7. Adaptation  Key Point #1: When mutations build up over many generations, they produce adaptations.  Adaptations = Heritable traits that increase an organism’s fitness in a specific environment.

8. Break It Down Stop! Biology time!!!

9.  Heritable: passed on through genes; inherited from parents.  Key Point #2:  To be an adaptation, a trait MUST be heritable  Not all traits are heritable!  Heritable traits: eye color, hair color, skin color, height, hairiness  Non-heritable traits: tattoos, favorite type of music, hairstyle, learned knowledge “Adaptations are heritable traits…”

10. Structural Adaptation (Physical features) Bird Wing Moth Coloring

11. Physiological Adaptations (Chemical production) Secreting Slime Making venom Bioluminescence

12. Behavioral Adaptations Migration is a voluntary behavior Goosebumps is a reflex behavior

13. “…that increases an organism’s fitness…”  Fitness: Ability of an organism to survive and have children.  Key Point #3:  To be an adaptation, a trait MUST increase fitness

14. “…in a specific environment.”  Whether or not a trait increases an organism’s fitness depends on the specific environment that it lives in.

15. DOES NOT INCREASE FITNESS BECAUSE OF THE ENVIRONMENT.

16. The Point  Make a checklist. Is the trait…  Heritable?  Going to increase fitness in a specific environment?  If your answer to either of these questions is “no,” then the trait is NOT AN ADAPTATION.

17. Example: Crocodile Teeth  Crocodiles have sharp, pointed teeth.  The shape of their teeth is heritable.  Having sharp, pointed teeth helps them to survive in their specific environment.  So, it is an adaptation.

18. Non-Example: Favorite Food  Favorite food is not heritable.  Your parents’ favorite food does not have any bearing on your favorite food.  Favorite food does not help you survive.  So, your favorite food is not an adaptation.

19. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

20. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

21. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

22. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

23. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

24. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

25. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYes Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

26. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

27. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

28. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

29. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

30. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

31. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

32. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

33. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

34. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYes Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

35. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

36. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

37. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

38. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

39. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

40. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

41. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

42. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

43. Guided Practice (GP) TraitEnvironmentHeritable?Inc. Fitness?Adaptation? Wolves develop thick fur TaigaYes Wolves develop thick fur Tropical forestYesNo Beetles burrow in dirt to avoid predators BeachYes Bear learns that lots of fish are found in river Coniferous forestNoYesNo Humans develop dark skin AfricaYes Scorpions develop ability to attack with poison DesertYes

44. Independent Practice We’re going to watch clips from Planet Earth. (Hooray, movies!!! Get it, Ms. S!)

45. Exit Question Polar bears have thick, white fur. 1. Is this trait heritable? 2. Does this trait increase polar bears’ fitness in the specific environment that they live in? If yes, HOW? If no, WHY NOT? 3. Is this trait an adaptation? Explain how you know. Write in complete sentences! Don’t talk during the Exit Question!