1. Chapter 2 Operating System Overview
Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles,
6/E William Stallings
Patricia Roy Manatee Community College, Venice, FL ©2008, Prentice Hall

2. Windows Architecture Modular structure for flexibility
Executes on a variety of hardware platforms
Supports applications written for other operating system

4. Kernel-Mode Components
Executive
Contains base operating system services
Memory management
Process and thread management
Security
I/O
Interprocess communication

5. Kernel-Mode Components
Consists of the most used components
Hardware abstraction layer (HAL)
Isolates the operating system from platform-specific hardware differences

6. Kernel-Mode Components
Device drivers
Translate user I/O function calls into specific hardware device I/O requests
Windowing and graphics systems
Implements the graphical user interface (GUI)

7. Windows Executive I/O manager Cache manager Object manager
Plug and play manager
Power manager

8. Windows Executive Security reference monitor Virtual memory manager
Process/thread manager
Configuration manager
Local procedure call (LPC) facility

9. User-Mode Processes Special system processes Service processes
Ex: session manager, authentication subsystem, service manager logon process
Service processes
Environment subsystems
User applications

10. Client/Server Model Simplifies the Executive Improves reliability
Possible to construct a variety of APIs
Improves reliability
Each server runs outside the kernel, protected from other servers

11. Client/Server Model
Provides a uniform means for applications to communicate via RPCs
Provides base for distributed computing

12. Threads and SMP
Operating system routines can run on any available processor
Multiple threads of execution within a single process may execute on different processors simultaneously

13. Threads and SMP Server processes may use multiple threads
Share data and resources between process

14. Windows Objects Encapsulation Object class and instance
Object consists of one or more data items and one or more procedures
Object class and instance
Create specified instances of an object

15. Windows Objects Inheritance Polymorphism
Supported to some extent in the Executive
Polymorphism

16. UNIX Hardware is surrounded by the operating system software
Comes with a number of user services and interfaces
Shell
Components of the C compiler

17. General UNIX Architecture

18. Traditional UNIX Kernel

19. Modern UNIX Kernel

20. Modern UNIX Systems
System V Release 4 (SVR4)
BSD
Solaris 10

21. Linux Does not use a microkernel approach
Collection of loadable modules
Dynamic linking
Stackable modules

22. Linux Kernel Modules

23. Linux Kernel Components