3. Perception

4. Cognition

5. Names

6. Sensation

7. Motivation and Emotion

8. States of Consciousness

9. $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 PerceptionCognition Names Sensation Motivation and Emotion States of Consciousness

10. Type of processing used by perception

11. Top Down

12. The tendency to place items that look similar in a group

13. Gestalt Organizing Principle of Similarity

14. What is size constancy?

15. The understanding that an object’s shape remains the same even though the angle of view makes the shape appear changed

16. What is a visual cliff?

17. Used to study depth perception in infants

18. What are your two binocular depth cues? Explain what they are!

19. Retinal Disparity: Results from slightly different images produced by the separation of the retinas in the left and right eye Convergence: related to the tension in the eye muscles when the eyes track inward to focus on objects close to the viewer

20. Difference between phonemes and morphemes

21. Phonemes = smallest unit of sound Morphemes = smallest unit of sound with meaning

22. Divergent v Convergent Thinking

23. Divergent = many different solutions to a problem Convergent = one solution to a problem

24. A tendency to approach a situation in a particular way

25. Mental Set

26. What is framing?

27. The way an issue is worded or presented; Can effect our judgments

28. What is the difference between the availability heuristic and the representativess heuristic?

29. Availability: decision is made based on information that is easily retrieved from memory Representativeness: heuristic in which a situation is judged on the basis of its resemblance to a stereotypical model

30. Ivan Pavlov

31. Accidently discovered classical conditioning while studying digestion in dogs

32. Paul Ekman

33. Studies emotion (through facial expressions) across cultures

34. John B. Watson

35. Studied the classical conditioning of emotions (Little Albert); Major figure in behaviorism

36. Helmholtz and Young

37. Creators of the trichromatic theory of color visions

38. Ernst Weber

39. Author of Weber’s Law: In order for a difference to be perceptible, two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion, not amount

40. Receptor cells for sight

41. Rods and Cones

42. Height of a sound wave determines _____; Frequency determines _______

43. Loudness; Pitch

44. Path that sound takes as it makes its way through the ear

45. Ear canal; Tympanic Membrane; Ossicles; Oval Window; Cochlea; Auditory Nerve

46. Layers of the retina (in order from which light hits them)

47. Receptor cells (rods/cones); bipolar cells; ganglion cells (which form optic nerve)

48. What is transduction?

49. Process by which receptor cells turn one form of energy (light, heat, etc.) into a neural impulse

50. What is homeostasis?

51. Balance; In drive-reduction theory, our behavior is an attempt to return to homeostasis

52. What is glucose? What does it indicate?

53. Type of sugar that cells need for energy; Low levels indicate hunger

54. Difference between lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus

55. Lateral: brings on hunger; stimulate – will eat, lesion – will stop eating Ventromedial: stops hunger; stimulate – will stop eating, lesion – won’t stop eating

56. Describe the Schachter Singer Two Factor Theory of emotion

57. Stimulus  Physiological response + Cognitive label = emotion

58. What are the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

59. Alarm Reaction Exhaustion

60. When do dreams occur?

61. REM sleep

62. Body rhythms that occur every 24 hours

63. Circadian rhythms

64. Two Theories of Hypnosis

65. Divided Consciousness (Dissociation) and Social Influence

66. Type of drug that is a painkiller

67. Opiate

68. What is narcolepsy?

69. Sleep disorder characterized by sudden sleep attacks