1. Week 9: Sensory Systems mechanical

2. external stimulus behavior mechanosensory systems environmental link highly selective

3. external stimulus (filtered) energy transduction electric signal sensory neuron

4. electrical current inside the neuron membrane potential, V m = outside (0 mV) to inside (– mV) = electrical difference = resistance VmVm stimulus

5. electrochemical component across the membrane stimulus resting (-) up-spike (++) down-spike (- -) reset (-)

6. = Electrical Auditory = Gustatory smell sightelectric movement hearing taste visual chemical mechanical electrical

7. mechanosensory organs lateral line inner ear

8. cilia ~ gelatin, mucous mechanoreceptor cells with cilia =neuromasts =hair cells

10. = displaces cilia inhibits (-) excites (+) sensitive to: velocity pressure particle movement (displacement) all editions

11. inhibits (-) excites (+)

12. all editions

13. mechanoreceptory organs lateral line inner ear

15. density differences air: water vertebrate ear

17. = displaces cilia inhibits (-) excites (+) sensitive to: velocity pressure particle movement (displacement) all editions

18. mechanical displacement

19. cypriniform perciform

20. xzyxzy 3 otolithic organs 3 semicircular canals

21. x, y, z Antimora sp. flat nose cod Moridae, Gadiformes lamprey ~ 2 hagfish ~ 1 3 otolithic organs

22. lagena sacculus utriculus x-axis canal z-axis canal y-axis canal DORSAL (pars superior) balance ~ equilibrium ~ gravity 3 semicircular canals

23. 3 semicircular canals (labyrinths) ~ 3 planes: x, y, z x: pitch up/down y: yaw side/side z: roll head/tail z-axis canal longitudinal x-axis horizontal y-axis vertical head deviations from...

24. yxzyxz 3 otolithic organs 3 semicircular canals

25. Antimora sp. flat nose cod Moridae, Gadiformes 3 otolithic organs

26. blue gourami 3 otolithic organs utriculus lagena sacculus

27. otolith otolithic organs mineralized deposit denser ~2 nd data point sacculus contains sagitta

28. Cb = cilia bundle OM = otolithic membrane

29. lagena sacculus utriculus DORSAL (pars superior) balance ~ equilibrium ~ gravity

30. Ventral (pars inferior) sound utriculus lagena sacculus otolith (largest)

31. WaterAir 800 x density least (0°C) expands most (4°C) contracts solid, liquid, gas Absorbs more energy (light, radiation, heat) Holds more energy (light, radiation, heat) Dissolves more molecules (nutrients, toxins) Conducts more energy (sound, electricity) farther ~5 x faster (according to T, P, salinity) Aquatic Habitats

32. Sound fields: near far crenulated, nondivergent smooth, spherical… particle displacement pressure wave intensity (decibels, dB) vs. range (length) vibration compression volume/pressure

33. yxzyxz ventral otolithic organs detect near-field particle displacement

34. yxzyxz gas bladder detects far-field pressure wave

35. Sound fields: near far crenulated, nondivergent smooth, spherical… particle displacement pressure wave intensity (decibels, dB) vs. range (length) Detector: inner ear gas bladder

36. pikeperch carpherring gas bladders = acoustically transform far field pressure wave to near-field particle displacement

37. African knifefish (Osteoglossomorpha) gas bladder throughout body

38. Weberian ossicles gas bladder inner ear

39. xzyxzy acoustically transform far field pressure wave

40. vibrates in response to far-field pressure waves

41. no gas bladder no mineralization sand grains for near field dorsal tympanic membrane for far field ~near field: low frequency 10 to 600 Hz Chondrichthyes

42. Sound fields: near far particle displacement pressure wave Detector: inner ear gas bladder low frequency: long wavelength large near field~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~)))))) high frequency: short wavelength large far field ~~~~~~))))))))))))))))))))))))) Sound type:

43. goldfish (O) salmon (Pr) cod (Pa) damselfish (Ac) = Stegastes tuna (Ac) herring (100,000+) ~bottlenose dolphin low: larger near field high: larger far field favors inner ear favors gas bladder

44. pikeperch carpherring

45. herring

46. American shad gas-filled bulla

48. Week 9: Activities