1. The English Colonies in North America
This is kind of a big deal

2. The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies
The reason for colonial establishment varies
Some for religious freedom
Some for business and profit
The English government supported all of these efforts.
Why?

3. The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies
The English government was competing for land in the Americas with Spain and France
SPOILER- this leads to war!
Also competing for wealth

4. The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies
Mercantilism- an economic policy in which nations tried to gain wealth by controlling trade and establishing colonies
This policy lasted for a really long time
Most of all colonies were granted independence before or shortly after WWII

5. The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies
English colonies supplied England with raw materials for industry
England would turn materials into goods and sell them back to their own colonies

6. English Colonies and Trade
Ask students what they remember from the various colonies
Why were they founded?
Who founded them

7. The New England Colonies
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Hampshire
Many of the first settlers sought religious freedom
Economy:
small farms, lumbering, trade, fishing, and ship building
Students should already know from the last couple of class days
Keep in mind- religious freedom meant freedom to practice their religion how they wanted. They were persecuted and wanted to be free from that. They did not want everyone to practice their faith as they wanted to.
Some would get kicked out because they went against the grain of the settlements

8. The Middle Colonies New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware
People represented many religions and cultures
Quakers founded Pennsylvania has a haven for religious freedom for all
Economy-
Farming (crops and livestock)
Lumbering
Shipbuilding

9. Because when you say Quaker, you think Oatmeal

10. The Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North and South Carolina
Georgia
People established large farms (plantations)
Grew tobacco, rice and other cash crops
Plantation owners took advantage of indentured servants and slaves
SPOILER- this would lead to war too!

11. End of 1st Class

12. Government in the Colonies
All colonies had permission from the King of England to settle
Charter- formal document that outlined the colony’s geographic boundaries and specified how it would be governed
Geographic boundaries (like an ocean or 3,000 miles) forced settlers to make their own laws and keep peace and order
The purpose of settlement would have a huge influence on laws and the government
The King of England appointed governor who had the power to overrule local assemblies
Some colonies had elected councils who represented the businessmen involved in the starting of the colony

13. Government in the Colonies
Massachusetts-
Established a theocracy- leader would rule in the name of God
Colonies were, in many ways, more democratic than England
If you were a land owning white male, that is
Some colonies you had to belong to a specific church as well

14. Massachusetts Established by Anglican Puritans and Separatists
Anglican Church was the official church of England
The Puritans wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church by making changes in their worship practices
The Separatists wanted to completely separate from the Church
Were actually jailed for not attending church
Separatists set sail for America on the Mayflower
We would come to call these Separatists Pilgrims
Wanted to build a perfect society in America
Puritans would follow ten years later
Again, the King granted all of the charters to allow settlements of the colonies
- Why would the King grant a charter to religious dissidents

15. Massachusetts
What is the difference between the Puritans and Pilgrims?

16. The Mayflower Compact
An agreement that Pilgrims wrote and signed describing how they would govern themselves in the Americas
Would be one of the major documents which influenced the founding of the nation
Natives would help them survive their first winter
It’s amazing what people will do for you when you don’t kill them
Pilgrims would have a three day feast to celebrate their harvest

17. Massachusetts
The Puritans were granted a charter by the King to settle
They wanted to build a community governed by the Bible
Wanted to set an example for the rest of the world
John Winthrop- founder and governor of Massachusetts
“We must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.”
Was Winthrop correct when he proclaimed to be a city on a hill?

18. Rhode Island
Puritans were granted freedom to practice their religion but they did not grant that freedom to others
Setup a colony that required everyone to worship as they did
Roger Williams- “Forced worship stinks in God’s nose”
Believed that all people had the right to worship God as they chose
Left his wife and children (they would join him after the winter) and went slightly south
Bought land from natives
Called it Providence

19. Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson- also forced to leave for preaching against the Puritans
Joined Williams and combined colonies to form Rhode Island
1663- elected assembly to govern the colony
Became one of the largest slave-trading centers in the WORLD
“The sewer of New England”
Coastal coves became a perfect hiding places for pirates and smugglers

20. Connecticut
Thomas Hooker- convinced family and about 100 people to leave Massachusetts and resettle in a valley along a river
Didn’t agree with laws and leadership in Massachusetts
Called the settlement Hartford
Joined two other settlements to form Connecticut
Hooker- government should be based “on the free consent of the people.”
Fundamental Orders- The first written plan for government in any of the colonies.
Guaranteed voting rights to all male members of the Puritan church

21. New York
Founded as a Dutch colony, but take over by the English in 1664
The Duke of York
Owned gave large estates to rich folk
Landowners would charge rent on property
Created great differences between wealthy and poor
Issued laws and tax rates
The wealthy liked the way the colony was ran. The average Joe? Not so much
The average Joe wanted to be able to elect an assembly to represent them in the government. The Duke would allow it a few years later

22. New York Assembly passed 15 laws
One listed the rights they should have under English citizenship
Right to worship as the pleased, trial by jury
The Duke abolished the assembly for 6 years
Jacob Leisler led a rebellion in 1689 and was granted the right to elect an assembly to pass laws and set tax rates

23. Pennsylvania Founded by William Penn Society of Friends- Quakers
King Charles owned a debt to Penn’s father and Penn was a pain in the butt
Was granted a huge tract of land
Society of Friends- Quakers
Treated all people equally
Refused to bow to the King, fight wars, or pay taxes to the Church of England
Penn’s Great Law- Promised to treat people of all faiths equally
Named the capital Philadelphia- City of Brotherly Love
Became the first democracy in America

25. Maryland
Catholics were treated __________ in England because the Church of England was the _________ state church
Sir George Calvert/Lord Baltimore
Wanted to start a colony “Founded on religious freedom where there would not only be a good life but also a prosperous one for those bold enough to take the risk.”
And he wanted to get rich(er)
Died before establishing the colony
King Charles I granted full control of the colony to Lord Baltimore’s son

26. Maryland _________ would always outnumber Catholics
America’s first law to protect religious liberty:
The Act Concerning Religion of _______
Only for Christians- Jews and Atheists were not included
There was still tension between Catholics and Protestants for more than a century

27. Virginia First settlement: ______________
Descendants of first settlers became ___________ ______________
Economy based on ____________
Needed a lot of land
Needed a lot of workers
Started with indentured servants
Worked 5-7 years and then given plot of land, seeds, tools, and freedom
Both European and African
At first, Africans were given the same _______and ___________ as whites

28. Virginia
Landowners increasingly turned to slaves to solve labor _____________
According to the book:
“Because of their dark skin, it was hard for them to escape and blend into the rest of the population

29. Virginia House of _____________- 1619
First form of representative government in America
Passed law that made Africans slaves for life
By more than 16,000 enslaved Africans
More than ¼ of the total population

30. Georgia In England, if you couldn’t pay bills, you went to __________
Founders wanted to help poor people stay out of debtors’ prison
Build better lives instead of going to jail
Would also help keep the __________ from moving north
Many who settled went for the same reasons as other colonists
Suffered attacks from the Spanish
Settled with strict laws regarding _________and __________