1. Bursitis and Contusions

2. Bursitis

3. What is Bursitis? Bursitis is the name for when the bursa sacs in our joints become inflamed. This causes joint movement to become more painful This can also limit range of motion

4. Signs and Symptoms - Bursitis Joint stiffness/pain Stinging joint pain Pain is usually accentuated during and after activities. The joint is usually most painful the morning after the activity

5. Methods of Injury - Bursitis Infection Repetitive overuse of joint Underlying Rheumatic Problems (any health problem relating to joints and connective tissue), such as gout, rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma

6. Where Does Bursitis Occur? Bursitis occurs in the joints. Some common areas include: Shoulder Knee Elbow Ankle Any bursa can become inflamed, but these are the most common.

7. What Sports are Likely to Cause Bursitis? Tennis/Golf (Tennis elbow is bursitis in the elbow) Rugby (Props are prone to bursitis in the shoulders due to lifting) Running of any distance (Sprinters, middle and long distance runners are prone to bursitis in the hip) Ice skating (skaters often suffer from bursitis in their ankles)

8. Prevention Tape should be used properly (when it's needed, where it's needed) Wear proper equipment in sports Keep cuts clean (to prevent infection)

9. Treatment RICE: rest, ice, compression, elevation Anti-inflammatory medications Physical therapy Antibiotics (if bursitis is caused by bacterial infection)

10. Contusions

11. What is a contusion? A contusion is an area of pooled blood due to damage of muscle fibres

12. Method of Injury - Contusions Contusions are caused by a traumatic force to a muscle fibre which damages the fibres Skin does not break This causes blood to pool between the skin and the muscle fibres, which causes the discolouration in the skin

13. Signs and Symptoms - Contusions Skin discoloration (usually blue and/or purple, yellow) Pain Swelling

14. Types of Contusions Three degrees of contusions From low to high severity First degree, second degree, third degree

15. First Degree Contusions Least severe Mild pain Stiffness Minor swelling Light colouration

16. Second Degree Contusions Increased swelling Moderate instability More severe pain Darker colouration as a result of increased blood pooling

17. Third Degree Contusions Severe pain Massive swelling Major instability at the injury site Dark colouration DEATHDEATHDEAT HDEATHDEATHDEA TH

18. Treatment RICE: rest, ice, compression, elevation After three days: gentle massage, heat/ice intervals. If it's still painful, you're making it worse Wait 3 days to ensure blood has clotted Mucopolysaccharide polysufuric cream

19. Where Contusions Occur Can happen anywhere that a muscle is present More serious contusions: – Cerebral: bruising of the brain – Myocardial: bruising of the heart muscles – Pulmonary: bruising of the lungs – In bones

20. What Sports are Most Likely to Cause Contusions? Any contact sport – Rugby – Football – Hockey – Water polo It is easy to get a bruise in any sport

21. Prevention Wear proper equipment when necessary Avoid contact in non-contact sports

22. End.