1. Grammar Modal Verb I

2. 情态动词表示说话人的某种感情 或语气，对某一动作或状态的某 种态度。表示 “ 需要、可以、必 须、应当 ” 等。 什么是情态动词？ (Modal Verbs)

3. 情态动词 + have done 用法 1.must have done 想必 / 准是 / 一定做了 否定式为： can’t /couldn’t/+have done It must have rained last night for the road is quite muddy.

4. 2.Can/could have done 1. 本来能够做 2. 过去可能会做 Can he have gone to his aunt? 他有可能去她姨妈家了吗？

5. 3.Cannot/could not have done 1. 过去不可能 2. 过去没能够 He cannot have forgotten it. 他不可能忘了那件事。

6. 3.may/might have done 也许、或许已经做了，一般只用于肯定句或 否定句中（在否定句中表示 “ 可能不 ”) ，不用 于疑问句。用 might 表示语气更加不肯定。 It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed. He may not have finished the work. 他也许还没完成那项工作。

7. 4.should/ ought to have done 本该做，而实际上未做 You ought to have done this exercise more carefully. 你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。

8. 5.should not/ ought not to have done 本不该做而做了 You shouldn’t have told her truth. 你本不该告诉她真相。

9. 6.needn’t have done 本不必做而做了 You needn’t have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.

10. 7. had better (not) have done 当时最好（没）做了某事 You had better not have scolded her. 8.would rather (not) have done 宁愿当时（没）做了某事 I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather have not done that.

11. 9.would like/love to have done 过去愿意做但未做成 I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 昨晚我本来很想去参加聚会的，但我 得加班完成一个报告。

12. 1. — ____ I go out to play, mum? — No, you _____. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldn’t B. May; had better not C. Must; mustn’t D. Need; mustn’t 课堂练兵

13. 2. — Where is Emma? — I can’t say for sure where she is, but she _______ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. may 3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _________ cleaned. A. can’t have been B. couldn’t be C. may have been D. would be

14. 4. There ______ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 5. This umbrella looks like mine, but it isn’t. Whose ______ it be? A. must B. can C. may D. might

15. 6. — May I sit beside you, sir? — Sorry, you ______. Look, my daughter is coming. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 7. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he is a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must

16. 8. You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 9. Although this ______ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should

17. 10. — She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. — I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 11. — I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. — It ______ Harry’s. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be

18. 1. Some aspects of a pilot’s job _____ be boring, and pilots often _____ work at inconvenient hours. (2006 湖南卷 ) A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must

19. 2. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _____ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (2006 江西卷 ) A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken

20. 3. — How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? — It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (2007 全国 I 卷 ) A. will B. would C. should D. must 4. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I ________ have driven her there. (2007 陕西卷 ) A. could B. must C. night D. should

21. 5. — She looks very happy. She ___ have passed the exam. — I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. (2007 江苏卷 ) A. should B. could C. must D. might 6. — Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. — You ______ it in the wrong place. (2007 江西卷 ) A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put

22. 7. According to the air traffic rules, you ______ switch off your mobile phone boarding. (2008 上海卷 ) A. may B. can C. would D. should 8. Although this ______ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. (2008 四川卷 ) A. must B. may C. shall D. should

23. 9. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you. (2008 山东卷 ) A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed

24. 10. But for their help, we _________ the program in time. (2009 安徽卷 ) A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished 11. The doctor recommended that you _______ swim after eating a large meal. (2009 浙江卷 ) A. wouldn't B. couldn't C. needn't D. shouldn't

25. 12. — It’s the office! So you _______ know eating is not allowed here. — Oh, sorry. (2009 湖南卷 ) A. must B. will C. may D. need 13. The traffic is heavy this day. I _______ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? (2009 辽宁卷 ) A. can B. must C. need D. might

26. 14. Just be patient. You_____ except the world to change so soon. (2010 全国 I 卷 ) A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 15. — I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. — Don’t worry. You ______ have it by Friday. (2010 江苏卷 ) A. could B. shall C. must D. may

27. 16. “You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There's no one of that name here.” (2010 浙江卷 ) A. need B. can C. must D. would 17. — May I take this book out of the reading room? — No, you _____. You read it in here. (2010 陕西卷 ) A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t