1. Convection Convection Demo
The transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movements of warmer and cooler fluid.
Demo
Red is hot
Blue is cold

2. Convection Demo What happened when the two waters were added?
Why did the two waters act that way?

3. Conduction Have you heard of conduction? Conduction
The transfer of thermal energy by collisions between the particles.

4. Which spoon handle will be hot?
Why?

5. Radiation What is radiation? What can matter do to radiation?
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
What can matter do to radiation?
Absorb the energy
Reflect the energy
Transmit the energy

6. Radiation Solids, liquids or gases
Which do you believe radiation moves more easily through?

7. Convection in Gases and Liquids Lab
Introduction:
Birds use a large amount of energy to flap their wings. Many combine flapping flight with gliding through the air. Some birds conserve energy with soaring flight. For example, a hawk rarely flaps its wings as it circles high overhead on a warm, sunny day. Soaring birds use convection currents to stay aloft.

8. Convection in Gases and Liquids Lab
Objectives:
Observations convection currents formed in water.
Observe convection currents formed in air.
Materials:
500 mL beaker Water Scale
Black pepper Hot plate
Candle Small piece of paper

9. Convection in Gases and Liquids Lab
Pour 300 mL of water into the beaker.
Weigh out 1 g of black pepper, using the small piece of paper as a weighing boat.
Sprinkle the pepper into the beaker of water. Let it settle to the bottom.
Heat the bottom of the beaker using the hot plate. DO NOT BOIL THE WATER.
Observe how the particles of pepper move as the water is heated. Make a drawing showing the pepper’s motion.
Turn off the hot plate.

10. Convection in Gases and Liquids Lab
Light the candle and let it burn for a few minutes.
Blow out the candle. REMAIN STILL. Observe the motion of the smoke.
Make a drawing of the smoke.

11. Convection in Gases and Liquids Lab
Discussion:
Describe how the particles of pepper moved as the water became hotter.
Discuss how the motion of the pepper particles is related to the motion of the water.
Describe how the smoke particles moved when the candle was blown out.
Explain how the convection currents that you formed in this lab are similar to the convection currents on which birds glide.
Form a hypothesis that explains how the convection currents on which birds glide form.