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Folie 1 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 Hydrogen Rich Natural Gas as a Fuel for SOFC Systems Florian Leucht, Moritz Henke, Caroline Willich, Christina.

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Presentation on theme: "Folie 1 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 Hydrogen Rich Natural Gas as a Fuel for SOFC Systems Florian Leucht, Moritz Henke, Caroline Willich, Christina."— Presentation transcript:

1 Folie 1 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 Hydrogen Rich Natural Gas as a Fuel for SOFC Systems Florian Leucht, Moritz Henke, Caroline Willich, Christina Westner, Josef Kallo, K. Andreas Friedrich

2 Folie 2 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 German Aerospace Center Germany‘s national research center for aeronautics and space App. 7,000 people in 32 institutes at 16 national and international locations Institute of Technical Thermodynamics Systems analysis and technology assessment, Electrochemical energy technology, Thermal process technology

3 Folie 3 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 Overview Hydrogen production from renewable sources in Germany System model System reaction to hydrogen Control approaches System efficiency with hydrogen

4 Folie 4 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 Hydrogen Production from renewable sources in Germany Rising interest in water electrolysis Production, storage and convertion of hydrogen into electricity interesting Hydrogen content of 4 % in natural gas pipelines gives 15 TWh/a storage capacity First demonstration plant inaugurated in Prenzlau Oct. 2011 by Enertrag More demonstrations planned within a call financed by federal ministries of economics, environment and research Picture courtesy of Enertrag

5 Folie 5 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 System Model Based on Siemens CHP100 Tubular cells Delivers 110 kW at atmospheric pressure  150 kW at 4 bar Controls for: Power Air flow (temperature) Fuel flow (current) Humidification (low load) Stack temperature (electrical heating, low load) Leucht, F. et al.: Fuel Cell System Modelling for SOFC/GT Hybrid Power Plants, Part I: Modelling and simulation framework, Journal of Power Sources, 196 (2011) 1205-1215

6 Folie 6 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 System reaction to hydrogen System operating at full load with pure natural gas System does not ‘know’ about the change in fuel composition Constant fuel flow Fuel utilization rises up to 100 % System would be destroyed

7 Folie 7 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 Control approaches Standard approach: fuel flow control based on current via Faradays law Extended by hydrogen equivalent Determining fuel flow according to If no information on fuel composition is available H 2 EQ stays fixed Other possibilities for control input variables could be: Temperatures (partially long time constants) Power, voltage and current (fast response to fuel quality)

8 Folie 8 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 Combustion zone temperature Short reaction time to changes in offgas composition Combustion zone temperature stays stable Power drops during transient Bad indicator for fuel gas quality

9 Folie 9 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 Voltage If fuel quality drops, voltage drops Controlling fuel flow based on system voltage keeps power and voltage stable BUT: Power is controlled via cell voltage, If fuel control keeps voltage stable power control is useless Fuel flow control and power control might have opposing targets

10 Folie 10 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 Delivered power Fuel flow controlled based on delivered power System voltage controlled to maintain safe operation point Cell current / voltage are influenced by fuel quality If power cannot be maintained by manipulation of voltage command fuel flow is increased. Power stays stable, deviation from set point very small (<100 W)

11 Folie 11 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 System efficiency with hydrogen Base case efficiency drops more than 10 % Power set point cannot be maintained Major problem: missing heat sink (reforming of methane) All controls show large drop in efficiency Fuel utilization is a lot lower than in base case

12 Folie 12 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 Summary Power to Gas and hydrogen storage has very high potential for future power supply SOFC systems can be operated with hydrogen rich fuels System controls have to be able to deal with changes in fuel quality Using system delivered power as a fuel quality indicator shows promising results System controls need to be enhanced in order to keep system efficiency high

13 Folie 13 ICEPAG 2012 > Leucht > 08.02.2012 Thank you for your attention

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