1. UNESCO-ITU Global Symposium on Promoting the Multilingual Internet Geneva 9-11 may 2006

2. Daniel Pimienta pimienta@funredes.org NETWORKS & DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION http://funredes.org http://funredes.org/LC

3. Linguistic & Cultural Diversity in Cyberspace 1. A framework to understand the complexity of the digital divide. 2. Its to the understanding of the diversity issue. 2. Its application to the understanding of the diversity issue. 3. Analysis of different approaches for measuring linguistic diversity on the Internet

7. APPLICATION OF THE PREVIOUS FRAMEWORK ICT4HD TO CULTURAL & LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY HOW DOES THE HURDLES TRANSLATE IN TERMS OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE? HOW DOES THE HURDLES TRANSLATE IN TERMS OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE?

8. ACCESS/INFRASTRUCTURE however the interfaces concentrated most of the probmes realted with cultural and linguistic diversity. Technological neutrality is a myth (ref.) however the interfaces concentrated most of the probmes realted with cultural and linguistic diversity. Ref: Charles Ess, (2005) “Can the Local Reshape the Global? Ethical Imperatives for Human Intercultural Communication Online, in Capurro, R & al (Eds), Localizing the Internet. Ethical Issues in Intercultural Perspective, Ver http://icie.zkm.de/congress2004

9. ACCESS/AFFORDABILITY Universal access must include the consideration of with the level of revenues of the target population Universal access must include the consideration of a price coherent with the level of revenues of the target population  Lenguages & cultures of poor segments of population (basically in the South but also immigrants in the North)

10. ACCESO/SUSTAINIBILITY should be coherent with local cultural practices. Telecenters’ organization scheme should be coherent with local cultural practices. Maintenance documentation in local language.

11. ACCESS/LOCALIZATION I shall allow access in mother tongue and be natural to user’s culture. Interfaces shall allow access in mother tongue and be natural to user’s culture.  IDN  Keyboard layout  Alphabet codification  Online dictionnaries and other support software (Ref)  Automatic Translation (in the future) Ref: José Antonio Millán, “How much is a language worth…” - Ver http://jamillan.com/worth.htm

12. ACCESS/LITERACY The aim of universal acces is to reach and then start by a at 100% The aim of universal acces is to reach knowledge and then start by a a functional literacy at 100%

13. USE Here starts the requirement for digital literacy which shall be conceived as a process which pays tribute to local languages and cultures.

14. TECHNOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP How to really own a tool which does not understand your mother tongue?

15. MEANINGFUL USAGE Local content production and virtual communities in local languages.

16. SOCIAL OWNERSHIP Network & Information’s Culture & Ethic no are neutral and shall go thru a process of with local cultures. Network & Information’s Culture & Ethic no are neutral and shall go thru a process of sincretism with local cultures.

17. EMPOWERMENT SOCIAL INNOVATION The closer we get to Human Development more the importance switch into the cutural aspect. What is the meaning of those concepts in a given cultural context? What is the meaning of those concepts in a given cultural context?

18. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT We will get close to this goal only if people’s has been a reality along the described process, if persons are subject and no object of the process. We will get close to this goal only if people’s participation has been a reality along the described process, if persons are subject and no object of the process. ¿What meaning has “participation” and how does it get real in a given cultural context? ¿What meaning has “participation” and how does it get real in a given cultural context? ¿Does real participation exists if a language different form mother tongue is imposed?

19. THE NEED FOR RELIABLE MEASUREMENT HOW TO ESTABLISH POLICIES AND FOLLOW-UP THEIR IMPACT WITHOUT RELIABLE INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASUREMENT?!!!

20. SITUATION OF LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY IN THE INTERNET SITUATION OF LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY IN THE INTERNET FROM RESULTS OF FUNREDES DIVERSITY OBSERVATORY HTTP://FUNREDES.ORG/LC METHODOLOGY CREATED WITH CONTRIBUTION/SUPPORT OF UNIÓN LATINA AND SUPPORT OF FRANCOPHONIE 1998-2005

21. INDICATORS 2005 INGLSP.FR.IT.POR.RUM..DeutchRES.TOT. SPEAKERS (millions) 630375130601903012053706000 SPEAKERS % 10,5%6,3%2,2%1%3,2%0,5%2%89,5%100% INTERNAUTES (MILLIONS) 300804942384715161100 INTERNAUTES % SPEAKERS 47,621,3%37,7%70,0%20,0%14,7%59,2%9,6%18.3% INTERNAUTES % POPULATION 5.0%1,3%0,8%0.7%0,6%0,1%1,2%8,6%18.3% % INTERNAUTES PER LANG. 27%7%4%4%3%0,4%7%25%100% WEB PAGES% 45%4,6%5%3,0%1,9%0,2%6,9%33,4%100% PRODUCTIVITY PAGE PRODUCTION 1.570,661,140,810,550,701,061,321 WEB PAGE PER SPEAKERS 4.290,742,283,050,590,333,470.37 (Sources: Global Reach & Funredes)

22. EVOLUTION % WEB PAGES COMPARED TO ENGLISH FUNREDES 1998-2005

23. EVOLUTION ENGLISH % WEB PAGES & INTERNAUTES 1988-2005

24. OBSERVED TRENDS SINCE 1998 OBSERVED TRENDS SINCE 1998  CONSTANT REDUCTION OF ENGLISH DOMINANCE  SLOW INITIAL GROWTH OF FRENCH COMPARED TO SPANISH & PORTUGUESE THEN SWITCH  OBSERVATION LEFT TO MARKET … WITH LACK OF SERIOUSNESS  MARGINAL PRODUCTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES & NO PROGRESS

25. SURVEY OF METHODOLOGIES FOR MEASUREMENT: INTERNAUTES PER LANGUAGE Global Reach http://global-reach.biz/globalstats/index.php3 Unique Transparent Compilation of various not necessarily coherent sources therefore approximative However stable and frequently updated

26. SURVEY OF METHODOLOGIES FOR MEASUREMENT WEB PAGES PER LANGUAGE SIMPLE USE OF SEARCH ENGINES SIMPLE USE OF SEARCH ENGINES VARIOUS MARKETERS STUDIES VARIOUS MARKETERS STUDIES ALIS / OCLC STUDIES (1998 – 2002) ALIS / OCLC STUDIES (1998 – 2002) FUNREDES (1997 – 2005) FUNREDES (1997 – 2005) LANGUAGE OBSERVATORY (STARTING) LANGUAGE OBSERVATORY (STARTING)

27. SIMPLE USE OF SEARCH ENGINES Complement of empty space method Complement of empty space method Simple but not stable Simple but not stable Used by many after Funredes (1988) Used by many after Funredes (1988) Offer an approximation of the search engine own estimate based on language recognition algorithm Offer an approximation of the search engine own estimate based on language recognition algorithm Gross estimation but unreliable and seems to favour English Gross estimation but unreliable and seems to favour English

28. MARKETERS STUDIES DOES NOT REVEAL METHODOLOGY THEN UNTRUSTABLE DOES NOT REVEAL METHODOLOGY THEN UNTRUSTABLE INKTOMI (2001) : EXCELLENT MARKETING BUT GROSS ERROR!!! INKTOMI (2001) : EXCELLENT MARKETING BUT GROSS ERROR!!! DESINFORMATION CHANNELS WITH POWERFUL VOICE  DESINFORMATION CHANNELS WITH POWERFUL VOICE 

29. ALIS/OCLC ALIS/OCLC http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april03/lavoie/04lavoie.html TRANSPARENT METHODOLOGY (although not the result process) TRANSPARENT METHODOLOGY (although not the result process) BASED ON SAMPLING 8000 RANDOM IP NUMBER AND APPLYING LANGUAGE RECOGNITION ALGORITHM BASED ON SAMPLING 8000 RANDOM IP NUMBER AND APPLYING LANGUAGE RECOGNITION ALGORITHM STATISTICAL FLAW STATISTICAL FLAW NONE FREQUENT FOLLOW-UP NONE FREQUENT FOLLOW-UP IMHO FAVOUR ENGLISH FIGURES IMHO FAVOUR ENGLISH FIGURES

30. FUNREDES/UNION LATINA HTTP://FUNREDES.ORG/LC TOTALLY TRANSPARENT METHODOLOGY TOTALLY TRANSPARENT METHODOLOGY BASED ON SEARCHING A SAMPLE OF 57 CONCEPTS CAREFULLY SELECTED FOR EQUIVALENT MEANING AND REACH IN THE 8 STUDIED LANGUAGES (3000 WORDS) BASED ON SEARCHING A SAMPLE OF 57 CONCEPTS CAREFULLY SELECTED FOR EQUIVALENT MEANING AND REACH IN THE 8 STUDIED LANGUAGES (3000 WORDS) SOUND STATISTICAL PROCESS SOUND STATISTICAL PROCESS METHOD ALLOW OTHER SPACES AND CREATION OF FURTHER RESULTS BY LANGUAGE OR COUNTRIES METHOD ALLOW OTHER SPACES AND CREATION OF FURTHER RESULTS BY LANGUAGE OR COUNTRIES

31. FUNREDES/UNION LATINA HTTP://FUNREDES.ORG/LC MANY LIMITATIONS THOUGH: LIMITED NUMBER OF LANGUAGES LIMITED NUMBER OF LANGUAGES MARGINAL COST PER ADDED LANGUAGE MARGINAL COST PER ADDED LANGUAGE MEASURE THE INDEXED INTERNET MEASURE THE INDEXED INTERNET MEASURE % COMPARE TO ENGLISH MEASURE % COMPARE TO ENGLISH DEPENDANT ON SEARCH ENGINES DEPENDANT ON SEARCH ENGINES

32. LANGUAGE OBSERVATORY UNIVERSITY NETWORK WITH STRONG TEAM UNIVERSITY NETWORK WITH STRONG TEAM IN THE STARTING PHASE IN THE STARTING PHASE WILL BE BASED ON LANGUAGE RECOGNITION AND CRAWLING WILL BE BASED ON LANGUAGE RECOGNITION AND CRAWLING NO LIMITATION ON LANGUAGES NO LIMITATION ON LANGUAGES TRANSPARENT TRANSPARENT  A PROMISING AVENUE FUNREDES HAS CALLED FOR YEARS

33. SURVEY OF METHODOLOGIES FOR MEASUREMENT: OTHER SPACES FUNREDES/UL METHOD ALLOW TO MEASURE ANYTHING WHICH IS INDEXED AND SEARCHABLE (E.G. NEWSGROUP) FUNREDES/UL HAS DONE A FIRST APPROXIMATION OF CULTURAL MEASUREMENT FUNREDES/UL METHOD ALLOW CONSTRUCTION OF SOME INTERESTING INDICATORS

34. WHAT’S NEXT? THE NEEDS GO MUCH BEYOND WEB MEASUREMENT. THE NEEDS GO MUCH BEYOND WEB MEASUREMENT. HOW TO MEASURE LANGUAGES USE IN EMAIL AND MORE DYNAMIC LANGUAGE BEHAVIOUR? HOW TO MEASURE LANGUAGES USE IN EMAIL AND MORE DYNAMIC LANGUAGE BEHAVIOUR? ALEXA INSPIRED METHODS COULD BE THE SOLUTION…