1. Research Papers: Footnotes, Citations, and Bibliographies

2.  Citations  Footnotes  Endnotes  MLA  APA  Sources  References MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies2 The half of knowledge is to know where to find knowledge.

3.  One of Microsoft Office 2007 Word’s greatest improvements is making research papers easier to do by making:  Citations, endnotes, footnotes, and bibliographies easier to do, using either:  MLA or APA styles  Both MLA and APA guidelines suggest the use of in-text parenthetical citations (placed at the end of the sentence), instead of footnoting each source of material in a paper.  These parenthetical acknowledgements guide the reader to the end of the paper for complete information about the source. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies3

4.  The Reference tab is broken into the following boxes:  Table of Contents  Footnotes  Citations and Bibliographies  Captions  Index  Table of Authorities  In this presentation, we will focus on the Footnotes and Citations and Bibliographies boxes. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies4

5.  During your research, be sure to record essential publication information about each of your sources. The following is a sample is a list of types of required information.  Books: Full name of author(s), complete title of book, edition (if available), volume (if available), publication city, publication year.  Magazines: Full name of author(s), complete title of article, magazine title, date of magazine, page numbers of article.  Web site: Full name of author(s), title of the web site, date viewed, website URL (address). MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies5

6.  Word provides tools to assist you in inserting citations in a paper and later generates a list of sources from the citations.  When a document style is selected, Word will automatically format the citations and list of sources. The process for adding citations in Word is as follows:  Modify the documentation style, if necessary.  Insert a citation placeholder.  Enter the source documentation MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies6

7.  Click on the Reference tab on Word.  Make sure the insertion point is located where you want to place the citation.  Select Style and choose which style (MLA) MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies7

8.  When you want to insert a citation, first of all make sure that your insertion point is at the end of the sentence.  Select the Insert Citation button, then choose:  Add new source  Choose type of Source  Complete the dialog box with the information. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies8

9.  Complete the Citation dialog box as shown to the right.  When completed, the information is saved for later use and the citation is automatically placed at the insertion point. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies9

10.  During your research paper, you may need to edit a citation, such as changing page numbers  To edit the citation, click on the citation on the document. A down arrow will be displayed.  Select Edit Citation. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies10 Once you completed the citation, you simply continue keyboarding your research paper.

11.  Sometimes you might not have the citation information with you. You can place a Citation placeholder, so that you can come back at a later date.  Maybe you know the author’s name. You may want to give at least a placeholder name; then select OK. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies11

12.  Explanatory notes are optional in the MLA documentation style.  They are used primarily to elaborate on points discussed in the research paper.  The MLA style specifies that a superscript (raised number) be used to indicate an explanatory note.  This note is on the bottom of the page as a footnote, or at the end of the document as an endnote.  In Word, note text can be any length or format.  Word automatically numbers the notes sequentially. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies12

13.  With the insertion positioned for the footnote mark, select the footnote button.  Once you click on the button, a footnote placeholder is placed on the bottom of the page.  Now you can enter the text for your footnote. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies13 Other Way Press: CTRL + Alt + F Other Way Press: CTRL + Alt + F

14. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citations, and Bibliographies14  When inserting a footnote, Word formats the text using Footnote Text style, which does not adhere to the MLA documentation style.  According to MLA style, the footnote/endnote should be formatted like all the other paragraphs in the document.  You can change the footnote by using first line indent and double spacing. Change the size of the font to match the rest of the document.

15.  You can edit footnotes just the same as any other text in the documents.  If you are using the MLA style, you need to change the footnote format to match the normal text.  The easiest way to do this is to select the footnote text and select Normal in the Home tab in the Styles box. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies15

16.  As you are working on your research paper, you are compiling a list of several citations and their sources.  Once you complete the research paper, insert the bibliography. Microsoft Word automatically inserts the list in alphabetical order.  You can choose the label Bibliography or Work Cited.  Just click Insert Bibliography. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies16

17.  If you wish, you can modify the bibliography using the Change Style button from the Home tab.  Select the bibliography text.  Select the Change Style button.  Then choose which style you want to use. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies17

18.  As a default, Word sets the Bibliography listings as a right justification  To change to an Hanging Indent  Select the text.  Click on the Hanging Indent portion of the “bottom part hourglass on the ruler” and move to the right on the ruler to the.5 inch mark.  Your hanging indent is complete. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies18

19.  That completes the lesson on using Citations, Footnotes, Endnotes, and Bibliographies.  You have learned:  Research styles: MLA or APA  Microsoft’s Word Reference Tab  Information needed for citations, footnotes, and endnotes.  Inserting a citation from a new source.  Entering information to dialog box.  Placing a citation placeholder.  Inserting a footnotes or endnotes  Formatting text in the footnotes or endnotes.  Creating a bibliography or work cited automatically  Format hanging indents. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies19

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21.  Shelly, Gary B., Cashman, Thomas J., Vermaat, Misty E. Microsoft Office 2007, Thompson Course Technology, Boston, Ma, 2008, pages WD 94-116. MBSH Mr. Dave Schmidt Research Papers: Footnotes, Citiations, and Bibliographies21