1. Psychology The seven perspectives and the people who made them famous

2. Psychoanalytic Childhood experiences greatly influence the development of later personality traits and psychological problems. Unconscious / Fears / Desires Freud Jung Horney Adler Erikson

3. Humanistic Emphasizes that each individual has great freedom in directing his/her future, a large capacity for achieving personal growth, intrinsic worth, and enormous potential for self-fulfillment. Phenomenological / Holistic / Self-Actual Needs Maslow Rogers

4. Behavioral Analyzes how organisms learn new behaviors or modify existing ones, depending on whether events in their environments reward or punish these behaviors. Learning / Society / Conditioning / Observable / Rewards Pavlov Watson Skinner Bandura Vygotsky

5. Cognitive Focuses on how we process, store, and use information and how this information influences what we attend to, perceive, learn, remember, believe, and feel. Thinking / Metacognition / Mental Processes Piaget Schachter Festiger Ebbinghaus

6. Neurobiological Examines how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions, coping techniques, and other traits and abilities. Nature / Genetics / Neurons / Critical Periods / Brain Broca Wernicke Chomsky

7. Socio-Cultural Maintains that behavior and mental processes are shaped not only by prior learning experiences or the unconscious but also by social or cultural context. Culture / Groups / Norms / Roles / Attributions Kurt Lewin Zimbardo Asch Milgrim

8. Evolutionary Shows how heredity along with other evolutionary ideas like fixed action patterns and imprinting affect ultimately our personality and our will to survive. Heredity / Imprinting / Survival Chomsky Darwin