Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Orientation to Pharmacology
Chapter 1 Orientation to Pharmacology
2
Pharmacology A science that draws on information from multiple disciplines, including: Anatomy Physiology Psychology Chemistry Microbiology
3
Four Basic Terms Drug Pharmacology
Any chemical that can affect living processes Pharmacology Study of drugs and their interactions with living systems Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics
4
Four Basic Terms Clinical pharmacology Therapeutics
Study of drugs in humans Therapeutics A.k.a. pharmacotherapeutics The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy Primary concern studied in this text Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics
5
Orientation to Pharmacology
Properties of an ideal drug The therapeutic objective Factors that determine the intensity of drug responses Therapeutics Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics
6
Three Most Important Properties of an Ideal Drug
Effectiveness Safety Selectivity Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics
7
Additional Properties of an Ideal Drug
Reversible action Predictability Ease of administration Freedom from drug interactions Low cost Chemical stability Simple generic name But because no drug is ideal…
8
Therapeutic Objective of Drug Therapy
To provide maximum benefit with minimum harm
9
Factors That Determine the Intensity of Drug Responses
Administration Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Sources of individual variation
10
Fig. 1-1. The four basic pharmacokinetic processes.
Dotted lines represent membranes that must be crossed as drugs move throughout the body.
11
Administration Important determinants of drug responses: dosage size, route, timing Medication errors Patient adherence
12
Pharmacokinetics Determining how much of administered dose gets to its sites of action Impact of the body on drugs Four major pharmacokinetic processes Drug absorption Drug distribution Drug metabolism Drug excretion
13
Pharmacodynamics Impact of drugs on the body Drug-receptor interaction
Binding of the drug to its receptor Patient’s functional state Influences pharmacodynamic processes Placebo effects Also help determine the responses a drug elicits
14
Sources of Individual Variation
Physiologic variables Age, gender, weight Pathologic variables Diminished function of kidneys and liver Genetic variables Can alter metabolism of drugs and predispose patient to unique interactions Drug interactions
Similar presentations
