1. Dancing with Gorillas LTSN GEES Conference 2004 Paul Redmond, redmonp@hope.ac.uk

2. Drivers of change: Globalisation and the deregulation of interconnected, global financial markets Technological innovation leading to the democratisation of Information Decline of heavy industries and the rise of the service sector

3. Globalization … … the inexorable integration of markets, transportation systems and communication systems to a degree never witnessed before – in a way that is enabling corporations, countries, and individuals to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before Friedman, T. (2003)

4. Global Reach The Rise of Corporate Global Power, I.P.S. (2000) 51 of the world's top 100 economies are corporations. Only 49 are countries. Sales of the Top 200 corporations are greater than the joint sales of all countries, minus the biggest ten. Top 200 sales equal 27.5% of world economic activity – this by employing just 0.78% of the worlds workforce. WAL*MART employs 5% of the Top 200s workforce.

5. Britains Fastest Growing Jobs?

6. Britains Fastest Growing Jobs (1990 – 2000) Source: LFS, 2003

7. Services account for 76% of UK jobs and are the dominant source of job creation (DTI) Manufacturing accounts for 17% (down by 16% in last five years) Services employ more women than the economy as a whole Public sector, distribution, hotels and restaurants are now the largest employers Since 1984, the main job-generating service industry has been business services How has this happened, and what has it got to do with graduates? Rise of the Service Sector DTI Report, 2001

8. The Four Pillars of Mc Donaldization (Ritzer, 2000) Efficiency Calculability Predictability Control (via technology)

9. The Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Resolution Friedman, T (2002)

10. The surplus society has a surplus of similar companies, employing similar people, with similar educational backgrounds, coming up with similar ideas, producing similar things, with similar prices and similar quality. Kjell Nordström and Jonas Ridderstråle, Funky Business

11. While everything may be better, it is also increasingly the same. Paul Goldberger on retail, The Sameness of Things, The New York Times

12. The quiet revolution: Of the UKs 1.8 million students, 57% are women 51% are over 21 when they enrol 15% are from ethnic minorities 5% have a registered disability 1-in-5 are from private schools 53% work during term time Graduate debt currently averages £11,365

13. Surplus students? (1900 – 2000)

14. Enrolments by Social Class

15. Ratio of middle class to working class students at old universities 75: 25

16. Ratio of middle class to working class students at new universities 68: 32

17. What do graduates do? Entering employment:66.9% (67.7%) Further study:18.7% (18.4%) Not available:6.3% (6.4%) Seeking:1.2% (1.2%) Unemployed:6.9% (6.3%)

18. Top 10 for Employment

19. Civil Eng. (78.62) Accountancy (76.3) Business / Mgnt (76.1) Media Studies (73.6) Building (73.2) Design Studies (70.9) Drama (70.7) Sociology (68.9) Mechanical Eng. (68.0) IT (66.3)

20. Top 10 for Employment Top 10 for Further Study Civil Eng. (78.62) Accountancy (76.3) Business / Mgnt (76.1) Media Studies (73.6) Building (73.2) Design Studies (70.9) Drama (70.7) Sociology (68.9) Mechanical Eng. (68.0) IT (66.3)

21. Top 10 for Employment Top 10 for Further Study Civil Eng. (78.62)HND (64.6) Accountancy (76.3)Law (55.6) Business / Mgnt (76.1)Chemistry (42.6) Media Studies (73.6)Physics (39.6) Building (73.2)History (29.4) Design Studies (70.9)English (29.3) Drama (70.7)Maths (28.5) Sociology (68.9)Biology (26.5) Mechanical Eng. (68.0)Mod.langs (23.5) IT (66.3)Geography (22.8)

22. Top 10 for Employment Top 10 for Further Study Lowest 10 for Unemployment Civil Eng. (78.62)HND (64.6) Accountancy (76.3)Law (55.6) Business / Mgnt (76.1)Chemistry (42.6) Media Studies (73.6)Physics (39.6) Building (73.2)History (29.4) Design Studies (70.9)English (29.3) Drama (70.7)Maths (28.5) Sociology (68.9)Biology (26.5) Mechanical Eng. (68.0)Mod.langs (23.5) IT (66.3)Geography (22.8)

23. Top 10 for Employment Top 10 for Further Study Lowest 10 for Unemployment Civil Eng. (78.62)HND (64.6)Law (3.8) Accountancy (76.3)Law (55.6)HND (3.9) Business / Mgnt (76.1)Chemistry (42.6)Civil Eng. (4.4) Media Studies (73.6)Physics (39.6)Building (4.5) Building (73.2)History (29.4)Chemistry (6.0) Design Studies (70.9)English (29.3)Geography (6.0) Drama (70.7)Maths (28.5)Psychology (6.1) Sociology (68.9)Biology (26.5)English (6.4) Mechanical Eng. (68.0)Mod.langs (23.5)Accountancy (6.6) IT (66.3)Geography (22.8)Business / Mgnt (6.7)

24. Types of work Business services:29.2 (30.9) Clerical / admin14.3 (14.0) IT:3.5(4.9) Science / Health / Social15.6(14.9) Engineering3.1(3.5) Arts / Media / Mktg /PR8.9(8.4) Teaching7.8(7.5) Retail9.1 (7.5)

25. Occupational Trends, 1994-2004

26. The Premiership In 1998, 27,417 graduates were recruited by top firms By 1999, this had fallen to 17,070 50% fall in industry; 30% in service sector 2000: 13,879 2001: 14,629 2002: 14,132 400,000 graduates are now competing for around 15,000 fast track jobs

27. Glass ceilings Despite achieving consistently higher grades, womens salary expectations are lower than mens: £16,000 compared to £18,600 Aged 24 a female graduate will earn 15% less than a male. The gap widens with age The gender pay gap remains the same even when women and men have studied the same subject, achieved the same grade and are employed in the same job!

28. Percentage of employers using various selection techniques with graduate applicants 1990s2000s Interviews 99% 99% References 96%96% Personality tests 35% 64% Cognitive tests30%70% Assessment centres21%59%

29. Extra-curricula engagement Dress, deportment, speech, skiing holidays, hobbies and interests are all incorporated in the creation of a personality package which must be sold in the job market

30. Extra-curricula engagement Were looking for people who are task orientated, who show evidence of having done something with their lives. Tennis and rowing exhibit energy and contribution, playing snooker does not.

31. Extra-curricula engagement Girls with a working-class Essex accent and who are not into power dressing are invariably excluded, irrespective of their academic abilities.

32. Brown & Lauder, 2003: Chances of Oxbridge graduate being successful when applying for a fast track job: 1:8

33. Brown & Lauder, 2003: Chances of a graduate from a new university or college: 1:235

34. Message: Distinct or Extinct

35. Never make a permanent career decision. To be employed is to be at risk. To be employable is to be secure. Point 1.

36. Blame Nobody! Expect Nothing! Do Something! Dont rely on others to look after your career for you. They wont. Point 2.

37. Dont Seek Praise. Seek Criticism. Get a mentor - an honest mentor. Point 3.

38. Dont be afraid of taking risks. Point 4.

39. The geek shall inherit the earth. IT skills are essential – not optional Point 5.

40. Dancing with Gorillas LTSN GEES Conference 2004 Paul Redmond, redmonp@hope.ac.uk