2. CHAPTER 5 CULTURAL PATTERNS & COMMUNICATION:TAXONOMIES

3. Review Chapter 4 Beliefs: An idea that people assume to be true about the world Central beliefs- cultural teachings Peripheral beliefs- personal theories  Example-prayer Values: cultures belief on what is good or bad Valence- +/- Intensity- importance of value

4. Review Chapter 4, Cont’d Norms: cultural expectations & appropriate behaviors/social sanctions Social practices: typical behavior patterns Informal Formal

5. II.Hofstede’s Cultural Taxonomy Cultural differences in respect to values orientation “Software of the mind”

6. Low Context Low-Context = most information is stated explicitly in the verbal message German, Swedish, European American, English Explicit codes Every statement must be precise Overt messages Time highly organized http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tIUilYX 56E&feature=related

7. High Context High-Context = most information is the context or person rather than the verbal message Japanese, African American, Mexican, Latino Implied messages Apart of values, norms, beliefs, social practices Covert messages In-groups Time less structured

8. Individualistic = puts the individual first, over the group http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uFa0hB PqOY&feature=related

9. promotes group values as most important Collectivism

10. Power Differences 1.High Power Distance = power is in the hands of a few http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqaa42gb qhA Brazil India

11. power is evenly distributed throughout the citizenry Denmark New Zealand Low Power Distance

12. Masculine vs. Feminine Gender roles are distinct Taught by culture Masculine Cultures Acquisition of wealth Men- Assertive/ Women-Nurturing Sex role clearly defined Austria, Italy, Japan, Mexico, USA Feminine Cultures Caring for others Equality of sexes No gender roles -Chile, Portugal, Sweden

13. Long-term vs. Short-term orientation Long-term Value Tradition Social Obligation ex: Work for a company all there life Ex: Chinese Culture “ year of the Dragon” Short-term Quick results Ex: Monthly “Gemini” Time Orientation: point of reference about life and work http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOE4nuivNKI&featur e=related

14. Uncertainty Avoidance The extent to which cultures handle ambiguity Uncertainty Reduction: the more we reduce uncertainty, the greater comfort we feel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KU MIOM