1. USGS Partnership Opportunities for 2008-2009 SLICE Proposal Richard L. Kiesling US Geological Survey MN Water Science Center 2280 Woodale Drive Mounds View, MN 55112

2. Sentinel watersheds and lakes as focal points of long-term monitoring and research USGS Objectives – Monitoring super-sentinel lakes 1.Continuous monitoring of physical and chemical parameters 1.Characterize habitat and populate bio-physical models of lake metabolism 1.Test prediction of published temperature/habitat models 2.Calibrate carbon-based lake metabolism model 3.Estimate important flux rates 2.Methods – mobile data platforms; in-lake rate est. 1.Instrument rafts and thermistor buoys 2.Sediment core incubations 3.Algal bioassays

3. USGS Lake Monitoring Program Continuous water quality monitoring raft

4. Continuous temperature data collection using temperature-logger chains at fixed locations

5. Sentinel watersheds and lakes as focal points of long-term monitoring and research USGS Objectives – Monitoring super-sentinel lakes 2. Continuous monitoring of meteorological / physical parameters to populate bio-physical models of lake hydrology and physics

6. Sentinel watersheds as focal points of long-term monitoring and research USGS Objectives – Monitoring watershed 1.Monitoring of physical and chemical parameters to characterize inflow and outflow from lakes 1.Monitor water level to characterize water mass balance 2.Monitor discharge at tributaries and outlets 3.Calculate loads and residence times for nutrients 2.Estimate ground-water contributions to water balance – thermal surveys, isotope studies, water balance calculation 3.Estimate landcover and landuse for tributary sub- watersheds and ungaged contributing zones using existing data

7. Linked watershed-lake biophysical models to forecast future habitat and water quality Objectives: Comparison of statistical models of load / lake productivity models with dynamic, mechanistic models of productivity and habitat (bio-hydrology) Watershed models to estimate external loading –SWAT, HSPF, or ARC-HYDRO watershed model Lake models to estimate productivity, habitat and water quality (e.g., OECD; CE-QUAL-W2 or WASP) 3D lake modeling to estimate fine-scale habitat and trophic dynamics (carbon cycling; stoichiometry) –realistic food-web component for algal dynamics and zooplankton grazing –Output adaptable for bio-energetics models

8. Project Objectives – Outcomes Meeting Project Objectives – Coordinated monitoring of three super-sentinel lakes (plus 1) –joint data-collection efforts by multiple partners –Multiple-year datasets –Strong inference into complex processes and functions Example: Shingobee lake, MN Data sets to test habitat model predictions; Model system response to external forcing –Calibrate and test bio-physical models for scenario modeling scenarios on landuse, climate and trophic dynamics / productivity bio-hydrology

9. Preliminary Super-sentinel Lakes

10. Elk Lake County: Clearwater Data Steward Org: MPCA Lake ID: 15-0010 Lat/Long: 47.1903/-95.2178 HUC: 07010101 Period of Record: 1985 through 2008 Ecoregion: Northern Lakes and Forest Basin: Upper Mississippi Surface Area: 291.8 (acres) Littoral Area: 73 (acres); 25% Maximum depth: 97 (feet) Maximum fetch: 1.1 miles

11. Source: MPCA http://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/glossary/basin.html

13. 1 mile

14. Trout Lake County: Cook Data Steward Org: MPCA Lake ID: 16-0049 Lat/Long: 47.8681/-90.1739 HUC: 04010101 Period of Record: 1980 through 2008 Ecoregion: Northern Lakes and Forest Basin: Lake Superior Surface Area: 258.3 (acres) Littoral Area: 59 (acres); 27% Maximum depth: 69 (feet) Maximum fetch: 1 mile

16. 1 mile

17. Lake Carlos County: Douglas Data Steward Org: MPCA Station ID: 21-0057 Lat/Lon: 45.9583/-95.3628 HUC: 07010108 Period of Record: 1973 through 2008 Ecoregion: North Central Hardwood Forest Basin: Upper Mississippi Surface Area: 2611 (acres) Littoral Area: 910 (acres); 35% Maximum depth: 164 (feet) Maximum fetch: 5 miles

19. 1 mile

20. Source: Todd County Soil and Water Cons. District Lake Carlos Landuse Agricultural landuse: 43% Open water and wetland : 17% Urban and rural development: 4%

21. Contact Information Dr. Richard Kiesling US Geological Survey 2280 Woodale Drive Mounds View, MN 55112 kiesling@usgs.gov (763) 783-3131 office (612) 817-2826 cell

22. Lake Carlos Watershed Sites Station IDStation NameOrganizationStation TypeCounty MNG580005-SD-1CARLOS WWTP:PERMITTEEDISCHARGEDouglas 21-0057LAKE CARLOSMPCALAKEDouglas 27B901LAKE CARLOSUSEPALAKEDouglas 27B902LAKE CARLOSUSEPALAKEDouglas 27B903LAKE CARLOSUSEPALAKEDouglas S004-803 LONG PRAIRIE R, 1/2 MI N OF CARLOS, T129/R37W/S12 MPCASTREAMDouglas S001-795 UNN INLET TO LK LEHOMME DIEU, 3 MI SW OF CARLOS MPCASTREAMDouglas

23. Lake Travis Sediment Flux Oct 2006

25. Sediment Flux Measurements