1. Windows XP

2. History Windows XP is based on the NT kernel developed in 1988 Windows XP is based on the NT kernel developed in 1988 XP was originally sold as an upgrade from Widows 2000 or a replacement for Windows 95/98 XP was originally sold as an upgrade from Widows 2000 or a replacement for Windows 95/98 XP was the first Windows OS to have a 64 bit version. XP was the first Windows OS to have a 64 bit version. Windows XP is based on the NT kernel developed in 1988 Windows XP is based on the NT kernel developed in 1988 XP was originally sold as an upgrade from Widows 2000 or a replacement for Windows 95/98 XP was originally sold as an upgrade from Widows 2000 or a replacement for Windows 95/98 XP was the first Windows OS to have a 64 bit version. XP was the first Windows OS to have a 64 bit version.

3. Design Principles What is better than the past C-2 classification of Windows NT 4.0? Security goal What was the result of manual and automatic code reviewing of the lines of code? Improvement in reliability requirements What is better than the past C-2 classification of Windows NT 4.0? Security goal What was the result of manual and automatic code reviewing of the lines of code? Improvement in reliability requirements

4. Design Principles what is the purpose to be able to run both business and consumer applications with the use of another layer (of Windows)? Improve application compatibility what was the kind of computers Microsoft was intending high performance for? Desktop, server, multithreaded, and multiprocessor computers what is the purpose to be able to run both business and consumer applications with the use of another layer (of Windows)? Improve application compatibility what was the kind of computers Microsoft was intending high performance for? Desktop, server, multithreaded, and multiprocessor computers

5. Design Principles what is the reason of extensibility using layers? Preparation for advancing how is Windows XP designed to be capable of running programs that were developed for previous Windows versions? Environmental Subsystems what is the reason of extensibility using layers? Preparation for advancing how is Windows XP designed to be capable of running programs that were developed for previous Windows versions? Environmental Subsystems

6. Design Principles what is the reason why new installations of things such as hardware can be made in Windows XP without affecting the executive? Modular structure what is the ability for the architecture of Windows XP to work for different hardware with the minimum amount of changes made? Portability what is the reason why new installations of things such as hardware can be made in Windows XP without affecting the executive? Modular structure what is the ability for the architecture of Windows XP to work for different hardware with the minimum amount of changes made? Portability

7. Design Principles what is hardware-abstraction layer, which Windows XP is based around instead of the certain hardware the computer has? HAL what is the programming which uses Unicode characters to change the language it would need to be used for? National Language Support what is hardware-abstraction layer, which Windows XP is based around instead of the certain hardware the computer has? HAL what is the programming which uses Unicode characters to change the language it would need to be used for? National Language Support

8. Environmental Subsystems What are Environmental subsystems What are Environmental subsystems User-mode processes that enable Windows XP to run programs developed for other operating systems User-mode processes that enable Windows XP to run programs developed for other operating systems XP uses the Win32 API subsystem as the main operating environment XP uses the Win32 API subsystem as the main operating environment What are Environmental subsystems What are Environmental subsystems User-mode processes that enable Windows XP to run programs developed for other operating systems User-mode processes that enable Windows XP to run programs developed for other operating systems XP uses the Win32 API subsystem as the main operating environment XP uses the Win32 API subsystem as the main operating environment

9. How do Environmental Sub Systems work? When an application begins the VM manager loads the application’s executable code and returns a status to Win32 indicating the type of executable When an application begins the VM manager loads the application’s executable code and returns a status to Win32 indicating the type of executable Then the appropriate sub system takes control over the application’s start up Then the appropriate sub system takes control over the application’s start up Environmental sub systems are mutually exclusive Environmental sub systems are mutually exclusive When an application begins the VM manager loads the application’s executable code and returns a status to Win32 indicating the type of executable When an application begins the VM manager loads the application’s executable code and returns a status to Win32 indicating the type of executable Then the appropriate sub system takes control over the application’s start up Then the appropriate sub system takes control over the application’s start up Environmental sub systems are mutually exclusive Environmental sub systems are mutually exclusive

10. MS-DOS Environment Run by the Virtual DOS Machine (VDM) Run by the Virtual DOS Machine (VDM) Uses an Instruction execution unit to execute or emulate Intel 486 instructions Uses an Instruction execution unit to execute or emulate Intel 486 instructions Windows XP command shell creates a window that emulates the DOS command line interface Windows XP command shell creates a window that emulates the DOS command line interface Can run both 16 and 32-bit executables Can run both 16 and 32-bit executables Not all DOS applications run under the VDM Not all DOS applications run under the VDM The non-multitasking nature of DOS can cause some behavioral issues with some programs The non-multitasking nature of DOS can cause some behavioral issues with some programs Run by the Virtual DOS Machine (VDM) Run by the Virtual DOS Machine (VDM) Uses an Instruction execution unit to execute or emulate Intel 486 instructions Uses an Instruction execution unit to execute or emulate Intel 486 instructions Windows XP command shell creates a window that emulates the DOS command line interface Windows XP command shell creates a window that emulates the DOS command line interface Can run both 16 and 32-bit executables Can run both 16 and 32-bit executables Not all DOS applications run under the VDM Not all DOS applications run under the VDM The non-multitasking nature of DOS can cause some behavioral issues with some programs The non-multitasking nature of DOS can cause some behavioral issues with some programs

11. 16-bit Windows Uses a VDM that implements additional software called “Windows on Windows” Uses a VDM that implements additional software called “Windows on Windows” Can multitask with other processes on XP, but only one Win16 application may run at a time Can multitask with other processes on XP, but only one Win16 application may run at a time All Win16 applications are single threaded, reside in the same address space, and share the same input queue All Win16 applications are single threaded, reside in the same address space, and share the same input queue Multiple Win16 environments can be created using the command line Multiple Win16 environments can be created using the command line Some Win16 applications will not run in this environment Some Win16 applications will not run in this environment Uses a VDM that implements additional software called “Windows on Windows” Uses a VDM that implements additional software called “Windows on Windows” Can multitask with other processes on XP, but only one Win16 application may run at a time Can multitask with other processes on XP, but only one Win16 application may run at a time All Win16 applications are single threaded, reside in the same address space, and share the same input queue All Win16 applications are single threaded, reside in the same address space, and share the same input queue Multiple Win16 environments can be created using the command line Multiple Win16 environments can be created using the command line Some Win16 applications will not run in this environment Some Win16 applications will not run in this environment

12. 32-bit Windows on IA64 Uses a thunking layer to translate 32 bit addresses and system calls into 64 bit Uses a thunking layer to translate 32 bit addresses and system calls into 64 bit Implementations between 32 and 64 bit Windows are virtually identical Implementations between 32 and 64 bit Windows are virtually identical Uses a thunking layer to translate 32 bit addresses and system calls into 64 bit Uses a thunking layer to translate 32 bit addresses and system calls into 64 bit Implementations between 32 and 64 bit Windows are virtually identical Implementations between 32 and 64 bit Windows are virtually identical

13. Win32 Environment This is the main subsystem for Windows XP This is the main subsystem for Windows XP Runs Win32 applications and manages all keyboard, mouse, and screen I/O Runs Win32 applications and manages all keyboard, mouse, and screen I/O All processes have their own input queue All processes have their own input queue Provides preemptive multitasking Provides preemptive multitasking Validates all objects before using them Validates all objects before using them Allows a shim layer to improve compatibility with Windows 95/98 at the expense of performance Allows a shim layer to improve compatibility with Windows 95/98 at the expense of performance This is the main subsystem for Windows XP This is the main subsystem for Windows XP Runs Win32 applications and manages all keyboard, mouse, and screen I/O Runs Win32 applications and manages all keyboard, mouse, and screen I/O All processes have their own input queue All processes have their own input queue Provides preemptive multitasking Provides preemptive multitasking Validates all objects before using them Validates all objects before using them Allows a shim layer to improve compatibility with Windows 95/98 at the expense of performance Allows a shim layer to improve compatibility with Windows 95/98 at the expense of performance

14. POSIX POSIX is based on the UNIX model POSIX is based on the UNIX model POSIX processes can be started by the Win32 API or another POSIX POSIX processes can be started by the Win32 API or another POSIX Support for POSIX applications is not present in Windows XP Home, but is present in the Professional version Support for POSIX applications is not present in Windows XP Home, but is present in the Professional version POSIX is based on the UNIX model POSIX is based on the UNIX model POSIX processes can be started by the Win32 API or another POSIX POSIX processes can be started by the Win32 API or another POSIX Support for POSIX applications is not present in Windows XP Home, but is present in the Professional version Support for POSIX applications is not present in Windows XP Home, but is present in the Professional version

15. Login and Security Subsystems WINLOGIN is the authentication service for Windows XP WINLOGIN is the authentication service for Windows XP Only WINLOGIN can intercept the secure attention sequence (control+alt+delete) Only WINLOGIN can intercept the secure attention sequence (control+alt+delete) Calls a authentication package to authenticate login Calls a authentication package to authenticate login WINLOGIN is the authentication service for Windows XP WINLOGIN is the authentication service for Windows XP Only WINLOGIN can intercept the secure attention sequence (control+alt+delete) Only WINLOGIN can intercept the secure attention sequence (control+alt+delete) Calls a authentication package to authenticate login Calls a authentication package to authenticate login

16. Networking who were the developers of network device interface specification (NDIS)? Microsoft and 3Com what are drivers to be loaded/unloaded to the system? Implemented transport protocols what is a protocol used to share files and printers with Apples? AppleTalk protocol who were the developers of network device interface specification (NDIS)? Microsoft and 3Com what are drivers to be loaded/unloaded to the system? Implemented transport protocols what is a protocol used to share files and printers with Apples? AppleTalk protocol

17. Networking what is the socket APL that Windows XP uses so that it is compatible with UNIX sockets? Winsock what is the ability of sharing with a remote computer in the form of a local connection? Redirector and server capabilities what is the ability to change user on various machines with using folder redirection on a server so that it is the same? Roaming profiles what is the socket APL that Windows XP uses so that it is compatible with UNIX sockets? Winsock what is the ability of sharing with a remote computer in the form of a local connection? Redirector and server capabilities what is the ability to change user on various machines with using folder redirection on a server so that it is the same? Roaming profiles

18. Networking what is the order that gives access/shared and restriction to the computers on the domains? Result of hierarchical trusts what are the three types of trust relationships that Windows XP is capable of? One-way, transitive, and cross-link what is the order that gives access/shared and restriction to the computers on the domains? Result of hierarchical trusts what are the three types of trust relationships that Windows XP is capable of? One-way, transitive, and cross-link

19. Networking what are the active directory that Windows XP uses to remember passwords and administrator capabilities? Group policies and intellimirror what is one of the ways of name resolution is preformed only in Windows? Windows internet name service (WINS) what are the active directory that Windows XP uses to remember passwords and administrator capabilities? Group policies and intellimirror what is one of the ways of name resolution is preformed only in Windows? Windows internet name service (WINS)