1. Chapter Outline Chapter Two: Ancient China: Origins to Empire Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E. ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. Early India II. Dramatic Developments in Religion and Culture, 600–320 B.C.E. III.The Mauryan Empire and Other Kingdoms, 320 B.C.E.–300 C.E. IV. Emergent Hinduism and Buddhism, 200 B.C.E.–300 c.e. V.The Meeting of East and West: Networks of Exchange

2. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E. ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. Early India A. The Indus Civilization c. 2500–1500 B.C.E. Neolithic chickens cotton copper, bronze Mohenjo-Daro Harappa brahmans Indus valley script

3. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E. ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. Early India B. Aryan Culture in the Early Vedic Age, 1900–1000 B.C.E. 1. Aryans Sanskrit Indo-European v. Dasas Rig-Veda 2. Religion Indra Agni Varuna Mitra rita 3. Political System raja tribal assemblies 4. Social Organization, varnas brahmans kshatriyas vaishyas shudras

4. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E. ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I.Early India C. The Later Vedic Ages, c. 1000–600 B.C.E. Hinduism Aryan Expansion Kurukshetra Bharata Brahmans Sama-Veda Yajur-Veda Atharva-Veda Brahmanas Political Developments maharajas samrajas Society villages castes four categories jatis > occupation = jati Untouchables, outside

5. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E. ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. Dramatic Developments in Religion and Culture, 600–320 B.C.E. A. Upanishads yoga Brahman transmigration of souls karman = action, deed dharma = law of the Vedas samsara moksha B. Jainism Mahavira (c. 559–c. 468 B.C.E.) the Jina (conqueror) tirthamkara ahimsa C. Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama The Buddha (awakened) Four Noble Truths Sutras - sermons Stupas — shrines King Ashoka Development monasteries

6. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E. ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. The Mauryan Empire and Other Kingdoms, 320 B.C.E.–300 C.E. Magadha Alexander the Great, 326 B.C.E. A. Foundation of Mauryan Empire, (326–184 B.C.E.) Chandragupta Maurya Patliputra (Patna) founds dynasty treaty with Seleucus B. Life in the Empire Megasthenes Army Secret police Courts Arthashastra (Treatise on Material Gain) by Kautilya early “mirror for princes” C. Ashoka (269–232 B.C.E.) grandson of Chandragupta adopts non-violence

7. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E. ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. The Mauryan Empire and Other Kingdoms D. Invasions Bactrian Greeks Seleucid empire Demetrius c. 245 B.C.E., founds kingdom Taxila Nomads from Central Asia Scythians Yuezhi > four tribes Kushanas Kanishka (fl. 120 C.E.) Mahayana Buddhism E. South India, the Deccan Dravidian language Tamil kingdoms Chera Pandya Chola Pallava dynasty Literature Sangam tradition Madurai

8. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E. ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. Emergent Hinduism and Buddhism, 200 B.C.E.–300 C.E. A. Hindu Synthesis diversity Vishnu appears in history in incarnations wife, Lakshmi Shiva wife, Parvati Devi (Kali) = “the goddess” later, Gupta period B. The Epics Mahabharata Pandavas Kauravas Yudhisthira Bhagavad-Gita Arjuna and Krishna Ramayana Rama, Sita C. Counting Time mahayugas Golden Age Age of Trey Age of Deuce Age of Dissolution D. Buddhism after the Buddha Mahayana, from c. 100 B.C.E. bodhisattvas Theravada — "doctrine of the elders" Spread Sri Lanka — c. 250 B.C.E. China— after 100 B.C.E.

9. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 3: Ancient India: From Origins to 300 C.E. ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. The Meeting of East and West: Networks of Exchange A. Buddhist Sculpture and Architecture influence of Hellenism B. Beyond the Indian Frontiers trade with Han, Roman Empire Parthians, Arabs — middlemen Augustus - tries to eliminate middlemen C. The Balance of Trade